In general, swimming is performed with flagella, whereas gliding uses other cellular components such as pili.

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Swimming is typically powered by the rotation of flagella, which are long, whip-like structures that propel the cell through liquid environments. Gliding, on the other hand, does not involve flagella but instead relies on other cellular components such as pili (thin, hair-like structures) and the secretion of polysaccharides, allowing movement across solid surfaces.

In General, Swimming Is Performed with Flagella, Whereas Gliding Uses