A study examining a pair of twins who grew up in the same household would be an example of a fixed effects approach.

Question

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A fixed effects approach focuses on analyzing the differences within entities (such as individuals, firms, or countries) over time or under varying conditions, controlling for all unobserved, time-invariant characteristics. In the context of a study examining twins who grew up in the same household, the fixed effects approach would control for the shared environment and genetics, isolating the effect of any differing experiences or treatments they received.

A Study Examining a Pair of Twins Who Grew Up