When testing for differences between the means of two dependent populations, we can use either a one-tailed or two-tailed test.

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This is true. Both one-tailed and two-tailed tests can be used in this case, depending on the hypothesis being tested. For example, if the hypothesis is that population A has a higher mean than population B, then a one-tailed test in the direction of greater-than would be used. If the hypothesis is simply that the means of the two populations are different, then a two-tailed test would be used.

When Testing for Differences Between the Means of Two Dependent