A Marine drill instructor recorded the time in which each of 15 recruits completed an obstacle course both before and after basic training. To test whether any improvement occurred, the instructor would use a t-distribution with 15 degrees of freedom.

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The instructor would use a t-distribution with 14 degrees of freedom because the degrees of freedom for a paired t-test (which is appropriate for this scenario) is calculated as n - 1, where n is the number of pairs (in this case, 15 recruits).

A Marine Drill Instructor Recorded the Time in Which Each