Chi-square tests of independence are always lower-tailed because a perfect fit between and makes the test statistic equal to zero.

Question

Chi-square tests of independence are always lower-tailed because a perfect fit between  and  makes the test statistic  equal to zero.

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Chi-square tests of independence can be one-tailed or two-tailed depending on the research question and hypotheses. A perfect fit between the variables in the contingency table would result in a chi-square value of zero, but this does not necessarily mean that the test is always lower-tailed.

Chi-Square Tests of Independence Are Always Lower-Tailed Because a Perfect