According to Erving Goffman, stigmatized individuals who do not believe they should have to change or conceal their identities to make "normal" people more comfortable have
A) secondary deviance.
B) in-group orientation.
C) self-esteem.
D) deviance avowal.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

According to Erving Goffman, stigmatized individuals who do not believe they should have to change or conceal their identities to make "normal" people more comfortable have an in-group orientation. This means they identify with and support others who share their stigmatized identity, rather than trying to conform to societal expectations of what is considered normal. This is a way to maintain their self-esteem and resist the negative effects of stigma. They may also engage in deviance avowal, or openly acknowledging and embracing their stigmatized identity, as a way to challenge societal norms and reduce the power of stigma. However, they are not necessarily engaging in secondary deviance, which refers to the adoption of deviant behaviors or attitudes as a result of being stigmatized.

According to Erving Goffman, Stigmatized Individuals Who Do Not Believe