Substrate-level phosphorylation involves the following steps A) chemi-osmosis B) transfer of a phosphate group by an enzyme C) transport of electrons D) breakdown of molecular oxygen, O₂

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Substrate-level phosphorylation involves the transfer of a phosphate group by an enzyme, typically from a high-energy molecule such as ATP to a recipient molecule. This process is distinct from chemi-osmosis (which involves the movement of ions across a membrane to generate ATP) and the transport of electrons (which is involved in oxidative phosphorylation, a separate process for generating ATP). Breakdown of molecular oxygen is not directly involved in substrate-level phosphorylation.

Substrate-Level Phosphorylation Involves the Following Steps