From an Operations Management Perspective, a Manufacturing Firm's Value Chain

From an operations management perspective, a manufacturing firm's value chain includes:

A) the flow of materials and finished goods through all firms involved in production and distribution, plus the corresponding flows of services, financial resources, and information.
B) the arrangement for other organizations to perform supply chain functions that were previously performed internally.
C) the production of goods to meet actual current demand, thus minimizing the need to hold inventories of finished goods and work in process at each stage of the supply chain.
D) the replacement of human operation and control of machinery and equipment with some form of programmed control.