Which of the following is a common reaction to repeated failure and to unpredictable or unavoidable punishment?
A) reaction formation
B) learned helplessness
C) passive aggressiveness
D) avoidance-avoidance conflict

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Learned helplessness refers to the tendency to give up trying to escape or avoid negative outcomes following repeated failures or unpredictable punishment. This can lead to a sense of helplessness and a lack of motivation to try and improve one's situation. Reaction formation refers to behaving in a way that is opposite to one's true feelings to avoid anxiety or guilt. Passive aggressiveness involves expressing negative feelings indirectly, such as through sarcasm or withholding praise. Avoidance-avoidance conflict refers to having to choose between two undesirable options.

Which of the Following Is a Common Reaction to Repeated