Which age-related changes in the respiratory system are responsible for an increased susceptibility to pneumonia in older clients? Select all that apply.
A)Weaker cough reflex
B)Diminished gag reflux
C)Calcified costal cartilage
D)Osteopenia in the vertebrae
E)Increased stiffness of the thoracic cage

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

A) Weaker cough reflex and B) Diminished gag reflex both contribute to an increased risk of aspiration, which can lead to pneumonia. E) Increased stiffness of the thoracic cage reduces lung expansion, impairing the clearance of secretions and further increasing the risk of pneumonia. C) Calcified costal cartilage and D) Osteopenia in the vertebrae are age-related changes but do not directly increase susceptibility to pneumonia.

Which Age-Related Changes in the Respiratory System Are Responsible for an Increased