Average total cost and marginal cost express information that is already contained in a firm's total cost.

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Average total cost (ATC) is calculated by dividing total cost by the quantity of output produced, and marginal cost (MC) is the change in total cost that arises from producing one additional unit of output. Both metrics are derived from the firm's total cost function, thus expressing information contained within it.

Average Total Cost and Marginal Cost Express Information That Is