The statement, "The change was statistically significant at the .05 level" means that there are only 5 out of 100 chances that the treatment did not cause the change.

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The statement means there is a 5% probability that the observed change could have occurred by chance, not specifically that there are only 5 out of 100 chances the treatment did not cause the change. It's about the likelihood of observing the data if the null hypothesis were true, not a direct measure of the treatment's efficacy.

The Statement, "The Change Was Statistically Significant at the