Cognitive Role Taking. Have students attempt to experience the world in terms of earlier cognitive development. Propose a task such as having a child clean his or her room. Have the student describe the task in sensory terms (what are the perceptions and images involved); in concrete terms (what do we mean when we say "clean", what objects are to be moved, and to which locations); in categorical terms, such as pick up your toys, pick up your clothes, remove that mess; and in formal operational terms such as when adolescents place the process of cleaning their room into a social context, and may become defiant or overly submissive.

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The Answer of Cognitive Role Taking. Have students attempt to experience the world in terms of earlier cognitive development. Propose a task such as having a child clean his or her room. Have the student describe the task in sensory terms (what are the perceptions and images involved); in concrete terms (what do we mean when we say "clean", what objects are to be moved, and to which locations); in categorical terms, such as pick up your toys, pick up your clothes, remove that mess; and in formal operational terms such as when adolescents place the process of cleaning their room into a social context, and may become defiant or overly submissive.