For a research study comparing two treatment conditions, a repeated-measures design would require two scores for each participant but an independent-measures design would require only one score for each participant.

Question

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In a repeated-measures design, the same participants are measured under both conditions, resulting in two scores per participant. In an independent-measures design, different participants are used for each condition, so each participant provides only one score.

For a Research Study Comparing Two Treatment Conditions, a Repeated-Measures