Both the Ricardo model of comparative advantage and the Heckscher-Ohlin theory assert that trade patterns are largely the result of differences in endowments of factors of production.

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The Ricardo model of comparative advantage suggests that trade patterns are determined by differences in labor productivity between countries, while the Heckscher-Ohlin theory asserts that differences in countries' endowments of factors of production (like labor, land, and capital) determine trade patterns.

Both the Ricardo Model of Comparative Advantage and the Heckscher-Ohlin