When parents, on average, have just the number of children required to replace themselves, the natural increase of their population is at replacement level fertility (RLF).

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Replacement level fertility (RLF) is the total fertility rate at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next, without migration. This rate is typically around 2.1 children per woman in most countries, accounting for the fact that not all children will survive to adulthood.

When Parents, on Average, Have Just the Number of Children