According to Arnold Toynbeeʹs challenge and response theory of social change, civilization arises out of
A) responses to the natural environment.
B) successful responses to the challenges of the environment.
C) changes in the environmental life cycle.
D) strong leadership and appropriate technology.

Question

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Toynbee's theory suggests that civilizations develop through successfully responding to challenges posed by their environment.

According to Arnold Toynbeeʹs Challenge and Response Theory of Social