Which of the following statements best illustrates Howard S.Becker's labeling theory of deviance?
A) Adolescents in romantic relationships are less likely to commit crime than other adolescents, "perhaps because romantic love discourages offending by strengthening the social bond." (Source: McCarthy and Casey. 2008. "Love, Sex, and Crime: Adolescent Romantic Relationships and Offending." American Sociological Review 73: 944-969).
B) The definition of crime is class biased; for example, the crimes listed in the Uniform Crime Reports are disproportionately committed by members of the lower class in the United States.
C) Deviant behavior can arise from various types of negative personal relationships that individuals have.
D) frustration arising from lack of access to legitimate means to success in achieving culturally prescribed goals lies at the root of crime and deviance.
E) Ex-offenders are much less likely to be called back by employers than men with similar resumes but no criminal record.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Labeling theory suggests that being labeled as a deviant can lead to further deviant behavior. The statement about ex-offenders not being called back by employers illustrates how being labeled as a criminal affects future opportunities and reinforces deviant identity.

Which of the Following Statements Best Illustrates Howard S