How is cardiac output reduced with a flail chest injury?
A) Atelectasis compresses the heart.
B) Venous return is impaired.
C) Intrapleural pressure is decreased.
D) Air pressure continues to increase in the pleural space.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

A flail chest injury can impair venous return due to paradoxical movement of the chest wall, which affects the pressure dynamics and can reduce the efficiency of the heart's ability to fill and pump blood, thereby reducing cardiac output.

How Is Cardiac Output Reduced with a Flail Chest Injury