In a study by Hopper and colleagues, some observers watched a model slide a door and retrieve a desired item. Other observers saw the door slide in the absence of a model, revealing the desired item. The latter procedure is called the __________ condition.
A) asocial
B) model-free
C) ghost
D) whisper

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The latter procedure is referred to as the "ghost" condition because the door appears to move on its own, without a visible agent causing the action, mimicking the presence of a "ghost." This term is used in studies to differentiate between actions performed by visible agents (models) and those that occur without an observable agent, to investigate understanding of causality and imitation.

In a Study by Hopper and Colleagues, Some Observers Watched