The assumptions of a theory
A)must be realistic if the theory is to be of any use.
B)are assumed to be true even when empirical observation rejects the predictions of the theory.
C)are not necessary for the scientific approach.
D)are supposed to be as unrealistic as possible.
E)are indirectly refuted if and when the theory itself is rejected by empirical observation.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The assumptions of a theory are necessary for building the theory, but they do not have to be realistic. For example, the assumptions of physics include perfectly smooth surfaces and frictionless environments, which are not realistic. However, these assumptions are useful for making precise predictions and testing the theory through empirical observation. If a theory is rejected by empirical observation, it is not the assumptions themselves that are refuted, but rather the theory as a whole. Therefore, the best answer is E, as it captures the relationship between theory assumptions and empirical observation.

The Assumptions of a Theory