In chemiosmosis,what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + ℗_i to ATP? A)energy released as electrons flow through the electron transport system B)energy released from substrate-level phosphorylation C)energy released from ATP hydrolysis D)energy released from movement of protons down their electrochemical gradient through ATP synthase

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In chemiosmosis, the most direct source of energy used to convert ADP + ℗_i to ATP is the energy released from movement of protons down their electrochemical gradient through ATP synthase. This occurs as protons are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane during electron transport, creating an electrochemical gradient. The movement of these protons back across the membrane through ATP synthase releases energy that is used to phosphorylate ADP, forming ATP.

In Chemiosmosis,what Is the Most Direct Source of Energy That