A 30-year-old is diagnosed with emphysema.Changes in this patient's lungs are caused by: A) viral infections. B) destruction of alveolar macrophages. C) α₁-antitrypsin deficiency. D) fibrotic lung disease.

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α₁-Antitrypsin deficiency is suggested in individuals who develop emphysema before 40 years of age; it is not due to viral infections.Changes in the lungs are not associated with alveolar macrophage destruction or with fibrotic lung disease.

A 30-Year-Old Is Diagnosed with Emphysema