Which of the Following Statements Regarding Data Management Risk Are

Which of the following statements regarding data management risk are not true.

A) Rapid adoption of new data technologies like artificial intelligence and cloud-based storage has made data management risk a higher concern for firms.
B) Data management risk is the exposure to loss of value or trust caused by issues or limitations to the firm's ability to acquire, store, transform, and move its data assets.
C) Companies like Visa and Master Card follow a "closed loop" system meaning they act as both the issuer and acquirer to keep their data management in-house.
D) Institutions that invest in data infrastructure and data management increase their chance of preventing risk exposures.
E) Data management risk allows a firm to analyze trends and information to help keep relationships with stakeholders strong and secure.