Formal Charge Is

Formal charge is:

A) the absolute value of the charge on a polyatomic anion or cation.
B) the difference between the number of lone pairs of electrons and shared pairs of electrons on any atom in a Lewis structure.
C) the difference between the number of valence electrons and the number of protons in any given atom.
D) equal to the number of valence electrons in a free atom minus the number of shared in covalent bonds.
E) the difference between the number of valence electrons in a free atom and the number of electrons assigned to the atom in a Lewis structure.