In the context of correlation and causation, the relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement concludes that
A) self-esteem causes academic achievement.
B) academic achievement causes self-esteem.
C) both self-esteem and academic achievement are likely caused by a third variable.
D) self-esteem is negatively correlated with academic achievement.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement is complex and may be influenced by other factors such as family background, motivation, and student-teacher interactions. Therefore, it is likely that self-esteem and academic achievement are both influenced by a third variable such as socio-economic status or parental involvement in education. Thus, neither A nor B can be entirely true, and D is a wrong statement as there is no negative correlation between self-esteem and academic achievement. Therefore, C is the best choice.

In the Context of Correlation and Causation, the Relationship Between