In order to make a cause-and-effect claim, you need to have either temporal precedence or covariation of the cause and effect.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

To make a cause-and-effect claim, you need both temporal precedence (the cause precedes the effect in time) and covariation of the cause and effect (when the cause occurs, the effect occurs, and when the cause does not occur, the effect does not occur), along with ruling out alternative explanations.

In Order to Make a Cause-And-Effect Claim, You Need to Have