Question 1

______ was one of the first scientists to systematically study emotional expression, including the facial expressions and body language used to express different emotions.
A) Paul Ekman
B) Charles Darwin
C) Walter Cannon
D) William James

Accepted Answer

Charles Darwin was one of the first scientists to systematically study emotional expression, particularly in his work "The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals."

Question 2

In individualistic cultures, achievement motivation tends to emphasize:
A) personal success, especially in competitive tasks.
B) social success, especially with members of high-status groups.
C) making family members proud of you, especially your parents.
D) success that enhances the status or well-being of your social group.

Accepted Answer

In individualistic cultures, the emphasis is on personal success and achievement, especially in competitive tasks. The focus is on individual performance and standing out from others.

Question 3

Janice has trouble holding down a job and can't seem to manage her finances. She makes friends quickly but rarely forms long-lasting friendships or other relationships because she is so difficult to get along with. She complains about her bad luck with men-all the men she ever meets, she claims, are losers. From this description, it's safe to say that Janice is probably low in:
A) emotional intelligence.
B) competence motivation.
C) autonomy.
D) relatedness motivation.

Accepted Answer

The description of Janice's behavior indicates that she has difficulty in managing her emotions, building relationships, and understanding the perspectives of others. This suggests a lack of emotional intelligence, which is the ability to recognize and manage one's emotions and social cues effectively. Therefore, option A) emotional intelligence is the best choice.

Question 4

People with a high level of achievement motivation:
A) expend their greatest efforts when faced with very easy tasks.
B) tend to work best in groups, as they lack the ability to work independently.
C) tend to explain their success as being due to external factors or luck.
D) have the capacity to delay gratification in order to achieve their goals.

Accepted Answer

People with a high level of achievement motivation have the capacity to delay gratification in order to achieve their goals. This means that they are willing to put in the time and effort required to achieve their objectives, even if it means sacrificing short-term rewards or pleasures. This trait is often associated with success in many different areas, from academics to business to sports.

Question 5

Research studies discussed in the text indicated that measures of achievement motivation were correlated with all of the following, EXCEPT:
A) productivity and worker output.
B) relationship satisfaction.
C) job performance.
D) academic success.

Accepted Answer

The research studies discussed in the text indicated that measures of achievement motivation were correlated with productivity and worker output, job performance, and academic success. However, there was no mention of a correlation between achievement motivation and relationship satisfaction.

Question 6

Your younger brother used your new computer and somehow managed to permanently erase all your personal files, including one containing a 10-page term paper due tomorrow! According to the text, the anger you now feel involves:
A) a subjective conscious state.
B) a physiological response.
C) behavioral or expressive responses.
D) All of these answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

The anger felt in this scenario involves all three components mentioned in the answer options: subjective conscious state (feeling angry), physiological response (e.g. increased heart rate, sweating), and potentially behavioral or expressive responses (e.g. yelling, feeling the urge to physically lash out). Therefore, D is the best choice.

Question 7

Which of the following is the BEST example of how achievement motivation might be expressed in a collectivistic culture?
A) You practice guitar every day because you want to become a rock star.
B) You strive to become your company's top salesperson because you want to make a lot of money.
C) You study hard to gain admission to a top university because you want to enhance your family's social standing.
D) You practice tennis every day so that you can make your school's varsity team.

Accepted Answer

In collectivistic cultures, the emphasis is on group or family achievement rather than individual success. Thus, studying hard to gain admission to a top university might be motivated by a desire to enhance one's family's social standing or reputation, which would benefit the entire group, rather than just the individual. Choices A, B, and D are more aligned with individualistic cultural values, where personal achievement and success are prioritized.

Question 8

If you put money in a vending machine for a second time without getting either a candy bar or your money returned, you will probably:
A) experience a subjective conscious state that you may label as frustration or anger.
B) express your emotion in some sort of behavior, such as swearing, banging the machine, or complaining to someone.
C) experience physiological arousal.
D) respond in all of these ways.

Accepted Answer

It is likely that a person will experience frustration or anger when they do not receive their candy or money back from a vending machine. This subjective conscious state may lead them to express their emotions through behaviors like swearing, banging the machine, or complaining. These emotional responses can cause physiological arousal, such as an increased heart rate or sweating. Therefore, all of these options may occur when a person puts money in a vending machine for a second time without receiving their desired outcome.

Question 9

Emotion is to _____ as mood is to _____.
A) intense and short lived; general, pervasive, and longer lasting
B) physiologically arousing; psychologically depressing
C) general, pervasive, and longer lasting; intense and short lived
D) psychologically arousing; physiologically depressing

Accepted Answer

Emotions are typically intense and short-lived responses to specific events, while moods are more general, pervasive, and longer-lasting emotional states.

Question 10

Ricardo has been feeling gloomy and generally discontented ever since the semester ended two weeks ago. When he received his transcript in the mail and discovered that the lowest grade he got was a B+, he felt elated and overjoyed. Ricardo's two states (pervasive gloominess and sudden intense joy) illustrate the difference between _____ and _____.
A) motivation; emotion
B) psychological states; physiological states
C) moods; emotions
D) intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation

Accepted Answer

The two states that Ricardo experiences are examples of moods (pervasive gloominess) and emotions (sudden intense joy). Moods are long-lasting emotional states, while emotions are shorter-lived and more intense. This illustrates the difference between moods and emotions, making choice C the best answer.

Question 11

When Yuet-Ping went for career counseling she was given the Thematic Apperception Test. Her score on this test is most likely to reveal her level of:
A) emotionality.
B) achievement motivation.
C) curiosity.
D) intelligence.

Accepted Answer

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective test designed to measure a person's patterns of thought, attitudes, observational capacity, and emotional responses to ambiguous test stimuli. One of the primary areas of interest in the TAT is measuring achievement motivation, which is the desire to accomplish challenging tasks or goals. Thus, Yuet-Ping's score on the TAT is most likely to reveal her level of achievement motivation rather than emotionality, curiosity, or intelligence.

Question 12

Compared with individualistic cultures, the expression of achievement motivation in collectivistic cultures:
A) is motivated by the urge to control or influence the behavior of other people or groups.
B) emphasizes the recognition of the individual who has accomplished the achievement.
C) is motivated by the desire to promote the status or well-being of the members of the person's social group.
D) is only encouraged in work settings.

Accepted Answer

Collectivistic cultures place a strong emphasis on group harmony and the well-being of the group, so the expression of achievement motivation is motivated by the desire to promote the status or well-being of the members of the person's social group. In these cultures, individual success is often viewed as a benefit to the entire group rather than solely for the individual.

Question 13

Psychologists define the term _____ as a complex psychological state that involves subjective experience, a physiological response, and a behavioral or expressive response.
A) motivation
B) emotion
C) self-efficacy
D) anthropomorphism

Accepted Answer

The definition provided fits the definition of emotions. Motivations refer to the driving force behind behavior, self-efficacy relates to one's belief in their ability to accomplish a task, and anthropomorphism refers to the attribution of human qualities to non-human entities.

Question 14

Howard experienced brain damage that left him without the capacity to feel emotions but with the ability to reason. According to the discussion in your psychology text, people like Howard are likely to:
A) make excellent decisions that are very rational and logical, because they are not influenced by their emotions.
B) lose their ability to use gestures and facial expressions when speaking to others.
C) excel at math, logical puzzles, and games like chess.
D) make disastrous decisions.

Accepted Answer

People who cannot feel emotions often struggle with decision-making because emotions play a crucial role in evaluating options and anticipating outcomes. Without emotional input, decisions can be poorly informed and lead to negative consequences.

Question 15

Emotion is a psychological state involving a number of distinct components. Which of the following is NOT one of those components?
A) subjective experience
B) physical arousal
C) a behavioral or expressive response
D) homeostasis

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis is not a component of emotion. It refers to the tendency of an organism to maintain internal stability and balance. The other three components - subjective experience, physical arousal, and behavioral or expressive response - are all considered integral parts of emotion.

Question 16

People who have superior mental abilities yet make poor decisions are said to lack:
A) self-efficacy.
B) drive.
C) emotional intelligence.
D) interpersonal engagement.

Accepted Answer

Emotional intelligence is the ability to understand and manage one's own emotions, as well as recognize and respond to the emotions of others. People who have superior mental abilities but struggle with decision-making often lack this emotional intelligence, which can lead to poor judgments and actions. Self-efficacy refers to confidence in one's own abilities, drive refers to motivation and determination, and interpersonal engagement refers to social interactions and relationships, none of which fully explain the issue of poor decision-making despite high intelligence.

Question 17

Terry works very hard at his job and hopes to get promoted to the position of manager. He is motivated by the urge to control or influence the behavior of other people, a type of motivation called:
A) self-efficacy.
B) competence motivation.
C) power motivation.
D) achievement motivation.

Accepted Answer

The type of motivation that Terry is displaying is power motivation, which is characterized by a desire to control or influence the behavior of other people. Self-efficacy refers to the belief in one's own ability to succeed at tasks, competence motivation relates to the desire to demonstrate competence or mastery, and achievement motivation involves the drive to accomplish goals or excel in one's endeavors.

Question 18

Which of the following is the BEST example of how achievement motivation might be expressed in an individualistic culture?
A) You take child development classes because you want to be a better parent.
B) You work hard because you want to be the top-performing salesperson in your company.
C) You study hard to gain admission to a top university because you want to enhance your family's social standing.
D) You help an elderly neighbor weed her garden in the summer.

Accepted Answer

In an individualistic culture, achievement motivation is often focused on personal success and recognition. Working hard to become the top-performing salesperson exemplifies this type of motivation. Options A and D demonstrate a focus on personal relationships and community, which are more characteristic of collectivistic cultures. Option C has an element of wanting to enhance family status, but this is still not as individually focused as option B.

Question 19

Matthew is extremely intelligent and is a gifted statistician, yet he has few friends and rarely holds a job for more than six months because he constantly alienates his co-workers and supervisors. Matthew probably lacks:
A) achievement motivation.
B) competence motivation.
C) self-efficacy.
D) emotional intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Matthew's lacking of emotional intelligence is suggested as he has a high level of intellectual abilities but struggles with social interactions and maintaining employment. Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to recognize and understand one's own and others' emotions, and to manage these emotions effectively to guide thought and behavior.

Question 20

Contemporary psychologists generally think that emotions:
A) are disruptive responses that interfere with rational thought.
B) tend to lead people to pursue inappropriate or counterproductive goals.
C) are essential to successful living, helping us choose appropriate goals and make good choices and decisions.
D) are only important because of their impact on close relationships.

Accepted Answer

Contemporary psychologists believe that emotions are essential to successful living as they help us choose appropriate goals and make good choices and decisions. Emotions provide valuable information about the world around us and guide our behavior in adaptive ways.

Quiz 8: Motivation and Emotion

______ was one of the first scientists to systematically study emotional expression, including the facial expressions and body language used to express different emotions.

In individualistic cultures, achievement motivation tends to emphasize:

People with a high level of achievement motivation:

Research studies discussed in the text indicated that measures of achievement motivation were correlated with all of the following, EXCEPT:

Your younger brother used your new computer and somehow managed to permanently erase all your personal files, including one containing a 10-page term paper due tomorrow! According to the text, the anger you now feel involves:

Which of the following is the BEST example of how achievement motivation might be expressed in a collectivistic culture?

If you put money in a vending machine for a second time without getting either a candy bar or your money returned, you will probably:

Emotion is to _ as mood is to _.

When Yuet-Ping went for career counseling she was given the Thematic Apperception Test. Her score on this test is most likely to reveal her level of:

Compared with individualistic cultures, the expression of achievement motivation in collectivistic cultures:

Psychologists define the term _____ as a complex psychological state that involves subjective experience, a physiological response, and a behavioral or expressive response.

Howard experienced brain damage that left him without the capacity to feel emotions but with the ability to reason. According to the discussion in your psychology text, people like Howard are likely to:

Emotion is a psychological state involving a number of distinct components. Which of the following is NOT one of those components?

People who have superior mental abilities yet make poor decisions are said to lack:

Terry works very hard at his job and hopes to get promoted to the position of manager. He is motivated by the urge to control or influence the behavior of other people, a type of motivation called:

Which of the following is the BEST example of how achievement motivation might be expressed in an individualistic culture?

Matthew is extremely intelligent and is a gifted statistician, yet he has few friends and rarely holds a job for more than six months because he constantly alienates his co-workers and supervisors. Matthew probably lacks:

Contemporary psychologists generally think that emotions: