Question 1

_____ motivational theories emphasize the importance of psychological and cognitive factors in humans, including the motivation to strive for a positive self-concept and the realization of personal potential.
A) Humanistic
B) Incentive
C) Drive
D) Instinct

Accepted Answer

Humanistic motivational theories, such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Rogers' self-actualization theory, emphasize the importance of psychological and cognitive factors in motivating individuals. These theories propose that individuals are driven by the need to achieve their full potential and to strive towards a positive self-concept. The focus is on intrinsic motivation rather than external rewards or biological drives.

Question 2

Dr. Ashley emphasizes the importance of psychological and cognitive components in human motivation and believes that we are innately driven to strive for a positive self-concept and the realization of our personal potential. Dr. Ashley's views are most consistent with _____ theories of motivation.
A) instinct
B) drive
C) incentive
D) humanistic

Accepted Answer

Dr. Ashley's emphasis on the psychological and cognitive components of motivation, as well as the desire for personal growth and self-actualization, aligns with the key principles of humanistic theories of motivation. Both Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Carl Rogers' self-theory are examples of humanistic theories that focus on the inherent drive towards self-improvement and personal fulfillment.

Question 3

Humanistic theories of motivation emphasize the idea that:
A) the basic principles of reinforcement and punishment teach motivation.
B) unconscious thought processes determine motivation.
C) how we perceive the world, how we think about ourselves, and the degree to which our environment is supportive and encouraging affect our level of motivation.
D) an understanding of basic biological mechanisms, such as homeostasis, is the best way to understand human motivation.

Accepted Answer

Humanistic theories of motivation focus on how a person's thoughts, beliefs, and perceptions influence their motivation. These theories suggest that individuals are motivated by a sense of meaning and self-actualization, and that their environment can either facilitate or hinder their growth and development. Humanistic theories contrast with behaviorist theories, which emphasize the role of reinforcement and punishment in shaping behavior, and psychoanalytic theories, which focus on unconscious processes. While understanding basic biological systems like homeostasis can contribute to our understanding of motivation, it is not the main focus of humanistic theories.

Question 4

Which of the following is secreted by the pancreas, helps control blood levels of glucose, and promotes the uptake of glucose by the muscles and other body tissues?
A) cholecystokinin
B) dopamine
C) leptin
D) insulin

Accepted Answer

Insulin is secreted by the pancreas and helps to regulate blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose by the muscles and other body tissues. Cholecystokinin, dopamine, and leptin are not involved in glucose regulation.

Question 5

______ influence the motivation to eat.
A) Psychological factors
B) Biological factors
C) Social and cultural factors
D) All of these factors are involved.

Accepted Answer

All of these factors play a role in influencing motivation to eat. Biological factors such as hunger and satiety signals from the body, psychological factors such as emotions and stress, and social and cultural factors such as mealtime habits and food availability all contribute to determining when and what we eat.

Question 6

Six-year-old Patrick was very excited and curious when his parents took him to the circus for the first time. However, when the clowns climbed over the barrier and started playing tricks on some of the children nearby, Patrick became visibly upset. ______ best explains Patrick's initial curiosity and his later fear and apprehension in this situation.
A) Drive theory
B) Instinct theory
C) Incentive theory
D) Arousal theory

Accepted Answer

Arousal theory explains Patrick's behavior as it suggests that people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal. Initially, the circus provided a stimulating and exciting environment, but when the clowns got too close, it exceeded Patrick's optimal arousal level, leading to fear and apprehension.

Question 7

Dr. Pierpoint believes that people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal. When the level of arousal is too low, we try to increase it by seeking out stimulating experiences. When it is too high, we seek to reduce arousal in a less stimulating environment. Dr. Pierpoint's views are most consistent with:
A) instinct theory.
B) arousal theory.
C) humanistic theory.
D) incentive theory.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Pierpoint's views align with the arousal theory, which proposes that individuals are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal. This theory suggests that when arousal is too low or too high, individuals seek to regulate it by adjusting the environment or engaging in certain activities.

Question 8

A monkey spends hours trying to open a complicated lock even though there is no reward for doing so. The monkey's behavior is best explained by _____ theory.
A) drive
B) instinct
C) arousal
D) incentive

Accepted Answer

The monkey's behavior is best explained by arousal theory, which suggests that individuals are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal, and may engage in activities that increase arousal even without external rewards.

Question 9

The rate at which your body uses energy for vital bodily functions when at rest is called the:
A) body mass index.
B) set-point rate.
C) basal metabolic rate.
D) settling point rate.

Accepted Answer

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) refers to the amount of energy the body uses while at complete rest, in order to carry out basic bodily functions such as breathing, blood circulation, and brain and organ activity. BMR accounts for most of an individual's daily energy expenditure and is influenced by factors such as age, weight, body composition, and hormone levels.

Question 10

People who rank high on the need for varied, complex, and unique sensory experiences:
A) are high in achievement motivation but low in competence motivation.
B) have a high level of extrinsic motivation and a low level of intrinsic motivation.
C) are referred to as sensation seekers.
D) are referred to as self-actualized.

Accepted Answer

People who rank high on the need for varied, complex, and unique sensory experiences are referred to as sensation seekers. They are motivated to seek out novel and intense experiences, often taking risks to satisfy their need for stimulation. This trait is not necessarily related to achievement or competence motivation, extrinsic or intrinsic motivation, or self-actualization.

Question 11

Nelson feels that he has all the material possessions he needs in life and is now determined to devote all his energy to creative self-expression through music. Nelson's motivation is best accounted for by:
A) instinct theories.
B) drive theories.
C) humanistic theories.
D) arousal theories.

Accepted Answer

Humanistic theories emphasize the importance of self-actualization and personal growth. Nelson's desire to devote his energy to creative self-expression aligns with this perspective, suggesting that his motivation is driven by the need to fulfill his potential and achieve personal meaning rather than by innate drives or physiological needs.

Question 12

Approximately _____ of your body's energy is used for continuous bodily functions that are essential to life, such as breathing, heartbeat, and the production of body heat.
A) one-tenth
B) one-fifth
C) one-third
D) two-thirds

Accepted Answer

Approximately two-thirds of the body's energy is used for basal metabolic functions essential to life, such as breathing, heartbeat, and maintaining body temperature.

Question 13

Nate wonders how his friend Jim can wake up at 5:00 every morning to swim laps before school. When he asks about it, Jim replies that he simply wants to realize his highest personal potential in swimming. Jim's explanation is most consistent with _____ theories of motivation.
A) instinct
B) drive
C) humanistic
D) arousal

Accepted Answer

Jim's desire to realize his highest personal potential suggests that he is motivated by self-actualization, which is a key tenet of humanistic theories of motivation.

Question 14

The view that people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal that is neither too high nor too low is called:
A) drive theory.
B) arousal theory.
C) incentive theory.
D) humanistic theory.

Accepted Answer

The view that people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal that is neither too high nor too low is commonly known as arousal theory. This theory suggests that people seek out activities or experiences that provide an optimal level of stimulation to maintain this balance of arousal. Drive theory and incentive theory focus on external factors that motivate behavior, while humanistic theory focuses on the individual's pursuit of personal growth and self-actualization.

Question 15

Adipose tissue is another name for:
A) leptin.
B) insulin.
C) muscle.
D) body fat.

Accepted Answer

Adipose tissue is a specialized connective tissue that is composed of fat cells (adipocytes), which are responsible for storing energy in the form of triglycerides. This is what we commonly refer to as body fat. Leptin is a hormone produced by adipose tissue, but it is not another name for it. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, and muscle is a separate type of tissue that is responsible for movement and support.

Question 16

Kai-Ling ate fried caterpillars, scorpions, and some grilled dog meat for dinner. It is very likely that Kai-Ling:
A) is very poor and malnourished.
B) is influenced in his eating habits by social and cultural factors.
C) is mentally ill.
D) eats regularly at the college cafeteria.

Accepted Answer

Kai-Ling's eating habits suggest that they may be influenced by social and cultural factors, as some cultures around the world consider insects and dogs to be a normal and even delicacy part of their diets. It is not necessarily an indication of poverty, mental illness, or eating habits at a college cafeteria without further information.

Question 17

_____ is the main source of energy in your body.
A) Glucose
B) Leptin
C) Insulin
D) Cholecystokinin

Accepted Answer

Glucose is the main source of energy in the body. It is a simple sugar that is broken down from carbohydrates that we consume in our diet. Glucose is then transported in the bloodstream and taken up by cells to be used as fuel for various biological processes.

Question 18

One reason you eat is to maintain a reserve of stored energy, and _____ tissue is the main source of stored calories in the body.
A) leptin
B) insulin
C) muscle
D) adipose

Accepted Answer

Adipose tissue, also known as fat tissue, is the main source of stored calories in the body. It serves as a long-term energy reserve and can be broken down into glucose when needed by the body. Leptin and insulin are hormones involved in regulating appetite and blood sugar levels, respectively, but they are not sources of stored energy. Muscle tissue does contain some stored energy in the form of glycogen, but it is not the main source of stored calories in the body.

Question 19

Your body's reserve of stored energy is:
A) directly correlated with blood levels of a hormone called ghrelin.
B) constantly monitored by the hormone called cholecystokinin.
C) contained in your adipose tissue.
D) contained in brain areas such as the hypothalamus and the cerebellum.

Accepted Answer

The body's reserve of stored energy is contained in adipose tissue (body fat). Ghrelin and cholecystokinin are hormones involved in regulating hunger and satiety, but they do not directly control the body's stored energy reserves. Parts of the brain such as the hypothalamus and cerebellum are involved in regulating metabolic processes, but they do not store energy reserves themselves.

Question 20

Glucose is also called:
A) blood sugar.
B) dopamine.
C) cholecystokinin.
D) adipose tissue.

Accepted Answer

Glucose is commonly referred to as blood sugar because it is the primary source of energy for the body's cells and is transported by the blood to the cells for use. B) Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in mood and movement. C) Cholecystokinin is a hormone that signals the gallbladder to release bile for digestion. D) Adipose tissue is a type of connective tissue that stores energy in the form of fat.

Quiz 8: Motivation and Emotion

_____ motivational theories emphasize the importance of psychological and cognitive factors in humans, including the motivation to strive for a positive self-concept and the realization of personal potential.

Dr. Ashley emphasizes the importance of psychological and cognitive components in human motivation and believes that we are innately driven to strive for a positive self-concept and the realization of our personal potential. Dr. Ashley's views are most consistent with _____ theories of motivation.

Humanistic theories of motivation emphasize the idea that:

Which of the following is secreted by the pancreas, helps control blood levels of glucose, and promotes the uptake of glucose by the muscles and other body tissues?

______ influence the motivation to eat.

A monkey spends hours trying to open a complicated lock even though there is no reward for doing so. The monkey's behavior is best explained by _____ theory.

The rate at which your body uses energy for vital bodily functions when at rest is called the:

People who rank high on the need for varied, complex, and unique sensory experiences:

Nelson feels that he has all the material possessions he needs in life and is now determined to devote all his energy to creative self-expression through music. Nelson's motivation is best accounted for by:

Approximately _____ of your body's energy is used for continuous bodily functions that are essential to life, such as breathing, heartbeat, and the production of body heat.

Nate wonders how his friend Jim can wake up at 5:00 every morning to swim laps before school. When he asks about it, Jim replies that he simply wants to realize his highest personal potential in swimming. Jim's explanation is most consistent with _____ theories of motivation.

The view that people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal that is neither too high nor too low is called:

Adipose tissue is another name for:

Kai-Ling ate fried caterpillars, scorpions, and some grilled dog meat for dinner. It is very likely that Kai-Ling:

_____ is the main source of energy in your body.

One reason you eat is to maintain a reserve of stored energy, and _____ tissue is the main source of stored calories in the body.

Your body's reserve of stored energy is:

Glucose is also called: