Question 1

Describe the two brain pathways involved in triggering fear, how they differ, and their evolutionary significance.

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Question 2

Discuss the idea that facial expressions of basic emotions are innate, and explain how facial expressions are affected by cultural display rules.

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Question 3

Taking the evolutionary perspective, explain how emotions might help people adapt to their environment. In your answer, note how Charles Darwin viewed the functions of emotional displays in both humans and nonhuman animals.

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Question 4

Discuss the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the experience of intense emotions, including the fight-or-flight response.

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Question 5

Discuss how individualistic and collectivistic cultures differ in achievement motivation.

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Question 6

What did the PET scan study by Antonio Damasio and his colleagues reveal about emotional responses? Summarize the study's findings, and explain their relevance to theoretical debates about the nature of emotion.

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Question 7

Your text concludes the discussion of emotion theories with the statement that psychologists today acknowledge that emotions can be triggered in multiple ways. Explain what this statement means, and list some of the different ways that emotional responses can be triggered. Include a discussion of the brain's dual fear circuit in your answer.

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Question 8

Define anthropomorphism, and discuss the idea that nonhuman animals experience emotion.

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Question 9

Identify the basic emotions, and discuss cultural similarities and differences in the dimensions of emotions.

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Question 10

Describe how optimal psychological growth and functioning can occur according to Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory, and note the differences between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

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Question 11

Describe gender differences in emotional experience and expression, and discuss the factors thought to contribute to such differences.

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Question 12

Describe what research has shown about same-sex couples and their children.

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Question 13

Contrast competence motivation and achievement motivation, and give an example of each.

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Question 14

Explain the James-Lange theory of emotion, and discuss evidence both for and against this approach to explaining emotion.

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Question 15

List and explain at least three distinct functions of emotion, giving examples of each function.

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Question 16

Explain Abraham Maslow's theory of motivation, and describe the qualities that characterize self-actualized people.

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Question 17

Using an original example of an emotional response, identify and explain the three basic components of emotion.

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Question 18

List Walter Cannon's main criticisms of the James-Lange theory of emotion and discuss the evidence supporting these criticisms.

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Question 19

Discuss psychological research on patterns of behavior that are associated with the development of sexual orientation in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.

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Question 20

Lindsey is so overjoyed when her team wins the state championship that she leaps into the air and screams. Describe how the James-Lange, two-factor, and cognitive-appraisal theories of emotion would explain Lindsey's experience of emotion.

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Quiz 8: Motivation and Emotion