Question 1

A nursing student during World War II would likely join which group?
A) The Public Health Service of New York City
B) The Marine Nurse Corps
C) The Frontier Nursing Service
D) The Cadet Nurse Corps

Accepted Answer

The Cadet Nurse Corps was established during World War II to address the shortage of nurses. Nursing students could join and receive education and training in exchange for a commitment to serve in the military or civilian hospitals after graduation. The other options (A, B, C) were also involved in nursing during this time, but they were not specific to nursing students and were not as directly related to the war effort.

Question 2

The Elizabeth Poor Law of 1601 is similar to which of the following current laws?
A) Welfare
B) Food Stamps
C) Medicaid
D) Medicare

Accepted Answer

C

Question 3

Between 1900 and 1955, the leading causes of mortality were pneumonia, tuberculosis, and diarrhea/enteritis. By mid-century, nurses faced new challenges as the leading causes of death became:
A) Heart disease, cancer, and cerebrovascular disease
B) Influenza
C) Tropical diseases from increased travel abroad
D) Diseases from overcrowded conditions in large cities

Accepted Answer

By mid-century, medical advances had reduced mortality rates for infectious diseases, resulting in a shift towards chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and cerebrovascular disease as the leading causes of death. Influenza and tropical diseases from travel abroad were still significant health concerns, but not the leading causes of mortality. Overcrowded conditions in large cities could contribute to the spread of infectious diseases but were not the primary cause of death at this time.

Question 4

Lillian Wald invented the term public health nursing. Which of the following classes might a person of her day attend?
A) Taking and recording blood pressures accurately
B) Safe and sanitary baby and child care
C) Environmental pollutants and their effects on lung disease
D) Time management: balancing factory work and the home

Accepted Answer

During Lillian Wald's time, public health nursing focused on practical health education, such as safe and sanitary baby and child care, which was crucial for improving community health.

Question 5

During America's Industrial Revolution, the number of jobs for women rapidly increased. Nightingale's successes became known across the United States, and the first nursing schools opened. Which of the following occurred related to public health nursing?
A) Community-oriented nursing began with organizations formed to meet urban health care needs.
B) Nurses were instrumental in the construction of sewers and public water systems.
C) Nurses trained in hospitals worked long hours caring for patients with communicable diseases in a humane way.
D) Nurses closed down almshouses and orphanages.

Accepted Answer

Community-oriented nursing began with organizations formed to meet urban health care needs, addressing the growing public health needs in urban areas during the Industrial Revolution.

Question 6

Early colonial health efforts in the United States included:
A) Establishment of schools of nursing
B) Development of vaccines given to large numbers of people
C) Collection of vital statistics, improved sanitation, and control of communicable diseases introduced through seaports
D) Development of public housing and almshouses

Accepted Answer

During the early colonial period in the United States, efforts were focused on improving public health through the collection of vital statistics, the improvement of sanitation, and the control of communicable diseases introduced through seaports. This approach was necessary due to the prevalence of disease outbreaks during this time period. Schools of nursing, vaccines, and public housing developments were not established until later in history.

Question 7

Nurses have worked in the community to improve the health care status of individuals, families, populations, and vulnerable groups. Part of the appeal of this type of nursing is:
A) Working with wealthy contributors who provide the funds
B) Locating the source of disease and curing patients
C) The autonomy of practice and independence in problem solving and decision making
D) Caring for soldiers on the battlefield

Accepted Answer

The autonomy of practice and independence in problem solving and decision making are key appeals of community nursing. This type of nursing allows for more flexibility in the approach to patient care and the ability to address the particular needs of the community being served. Working with wealthy contributors, locating the source of disease, and caring for soldiers on the battlefield are not necessarily primary reasons why nurses choose to work in the community.

Question 8

Occupational health nursing began as industrial nursing. What was the purpose of this type of nursing?
A) Inventing new machines to streamline production of medical goods
B) Investigating industrial injuries to improve work conditions
C) Working at industrial sites treating work related-injuries
D) Providing care for factory workers and their families

Accepted Answer

The answer of Occupational health nursing began as industrial nursing....

Question 9

Lillian Wald was the first public health nurse in the United States. Which of the following is her major contribution to public health nursing?
A) Founding the American Nurses Association
B) Establishment of the New York Training Hospital for Nurses
C) Establishment of the Public Health Service
D) Establishment of the Henry Street Settlement that later became the Visiting Nurse Service of New York

Accepted Answer

Lillian Wald's major contribution to public health nursing was the establishment of the Henry Street Settlement in 1893, which later became the Visiting Nurse Service of New York. This service provided healthcare to the poor, immigrant population of the Lower East Side and was the first organized nursing service in the United States. While Wald was involved in the founding of the American Nurses Association and supported the establishment of the New York Training Hospital for Nurses, these were not her major contributions to public health nursing. The Public Health Service was established by the federal government in 1912, after Wald's work in public health nursing had already begun.

Question 10

Lina Rogers became the first school nurse. Early school nursing focused on:
A) Investigating causes of absenteeism such as malnourishment and lack of shoes or clothing
B) Teaching school as well as being a nurse
C) Starting the first school of public health
D) Providing medical treatment to enable children to return to school

Accepted Answer

Lina Rogers, the first school nurse, focused on investigating the causes of absenteeism which included factors such as malnourishment and lack of shoes or clothing. This helped in addressing the health needs of the students and improving attendance rates.

Question 11

In 1909, Yssabella Waters published her survey Visiting Nurses in the United States. This document highlighted the fact that:
A) Nurses were trained by Boards of Education.
B) Trained nurses adequately covered less densely populated areas.
C) Visiting nurses services were concentrated in the northeastern quadrant of the nation.
D) Nurses were curing diseases such as tuberculosis and typhoid fever that greatly enhanced their credibility.

Accepted Answer

Yssabella Waters' survey showed that visiting nurse services were concentrated in the northeastern quadrant of the nation.

Question 12

Threats to health from communicable diseases, the environment, chronic illness, and the aging process have changed over time. The newer threats to health in the United States that community health nurses are currently faced with include:
A) Diphtheria, cholera, and typhoid fever
B) HIV, AIDS, and bioterrorism
C) Avian flu, tuberculosis, and radiation
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D) Polluted water and air

Accepted Answer

Diphtheria, cholera, and typhoid fever are all communicable diseases that have largely been controlled in the United States through vaccinations, sanitation, and improved public health measures. While tuberculosis and avian flu remain a concern, the newer and more pressing threats to health in the US include HIV, AIDS, and potential bioterrorism attacks. Chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and diabetes, also continue to be a major concern, along with the ongoing challenges of environmental pollution and the aging population.

Question 13

The Frontier Nursing Service was established by Mary Breckinridge to emulate systems of care used in the Highlands of Scotland. Her biggest contribution was:
A) Establishment of the Henry Street Settlement
B) Development of health programs geared toward improving the health care of the rural and often inaccessible populations
C) Blazing a nursing trail through the Rockies, providing nursing care to miners and their families
D) Teaching birth control measures to large numbers of women in the South

Accepted Answer

Mary Breckinridge's biggest contribution was the establishment of the Frontier Nursing Service, which provided healthcare services to rural and often inaccessible populations in the Appalachian Mountains of Kentucky. She employed nurses who rode horses to deliver healthcare services and established clinics and hospitals to address the healthcare needs of the population. Her work was inspired by systems of care used in the Highlands of Scotland.

Question 14

In the late 1800s, local health departments were formed in urban areas for what purpose?
A) To target environmental hazards associated with crowded living conditions and dirty streets and to regulate public baths, slaughterhouses, and pigsties
B) To facilitate interdisciplinary efforts and promote the "practical application of nursing"
C) To provide immunizations to all citizens
D) To provide public health education for nurses who had finished basic "training school" education

Accepted Answer

Local health departments were formed in urban areas during the late 1800s to address the environmental hazards associated with crowded living conditions and regulate public health hazards such as public baths, slaughterhouses, and pigsties. The focus was on improving sanitation and preventing the spread of infectious diseases.

Question 15

Florence Nightingale's contributions to public health included:
A) Caring for the sick, poor, and neglected in institutions and at home
B) Using a population-based approach that led to improvements in environmental conditions
C) Writing the Elizabethan Poor Law to guarantee medical care for all
D) Founding of the district nursing association to provide health care to needy people

Accepted Answer

Florence Nightingale is known for her work in improving sanitary conditions and using statistical data to advocate for public health reforms, particularly during the Crimean War.

Question 16

The American Red Cross, through its Rural Nursing Service, improved living conditions in villages and isolated farms. Which of the following is an example of the resourcefulness of a nurse of this era?
A) Using hot bricks, salt, or sandbags to substitute for hot water bottles
B) Testing well water for pollutants
C) Teaching school and developing curricula for rural nursing programs
D) Providing post-surgical care

Accepted Answer

Using hot bricks, salt, or sandbags to substitute for hot water bottles is an example of the resourcefulness of a nurse of this era as they had to use available resources to provide care in rural areas where medical supplies were limited.

Question 17

Ruth Freeman was a leading public health educator, administrator, consultant, author, and leader of the National Health Organization of the twentieth century. Which of the following characterize her philosophy of nursing?
A) Nursing should move from acute care to community-based care.
B) Nurse practitioners should control public health.
C) Nursing is about caring for people, and is also intellectually challenging and offers many professional opportunities.
D) All nurses should seek graduate education to increase their credibility.

Accepted Answer

Nursing is about caring for people, and is also intellectually challenging and offers many professional opportunities.

Question 18

In the past, community-oriented nurses have been called:
A) District nurses
B) Almshouse nurses
C) Soldier nurses
D) Sisters

Accepted Answer

District nurses have historically been community-oriented nurses who provide healthcare services to individuals and families in their homes and communities. They were responsible for promoting public health, preventing disease, and providing nursing care to the sick and elderly.

Question 19

The National Organization for Public Health Nursing was formed in 1912 Lillian Wald was its first president. The mission was to improve the educational and services standards of the public health nurse and promote public understanding. Which of the following is a contribution of this organization?
A) Requiring that public health nurses have a baccalaureate degree in nursing
B) Standardization of public health nursing education
C) Development of nursing cooperatives
D) Opening of the Henry Street Settlement

Accepted Answer

The National Organization for Public Health Nursing contributed to the standardization of public health nursing education. While the organization did promote education and standards, it did not require a baccalaureate degree in nursing or develop nursing cooperatives, and the opening of the Henry Street Settlement was a separate accomplishment of Lillian Wald herself.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about African American nurses in public health?
A) Segregation existed until the 1960s, which made certificate and graduate education more difficult to obtain.
B) Cities were the major areas where they practiced.
C) They often belonged to the Frontier Nursing Service.
D) They were recruited heavily as military nurses.

Accepted Answer

Segregation laws and discrimination made it difficult for African American nurses to obtain certificate and graduate education and to find employment in public health settings. This persisted until the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s.

Quiz 2: History of Public Health and Public and Community Health Nursing

A nursing student during World War II would likely join which group?

The Elizabeth Poor Law of 1601 is similar to which of the following current laws?

Between 1900 and 1955, the leading causes of mortality were pneumonia, tuberculosis, and diarrhea/enteritis. By mid-century, nurses faced new challenges as the leading causes of death became:

Lillian Wald invented the term public health nursing. Which of the following classes might a person of her day attend?

During America's Industrial Revolution, the number of jobs for women rapidly increased. Nightingale's successes became known across the United States, and the first nursing schools opened. Which of the following occurred related to public health nursing?

Early colonial health efforts in the United States included:

Nurses have worked in the community to improve the health care status of individuals, families, populations, and vulnerable groups. Part of the appeal of this type of nursing is:

Occupational health nursing began as industrial nursing. What was the purpose of this type of nursing?

Lillian Wald was the first public health nurse in the United States. Which of the following is her major contribution to public health nursing?

Lina Rogers became the first school nurse. Early school nursing focused on:

In 1909, Yssabella Waters published her survey Visiting Nurses in the United States. This document highlighted the fact that:

Threats to health from communicable diseases, the environment, chronic illness, and the aging process have changed over time. The newer threats to health in the United States that community health nurses are currently faced with include:

The Frontier Nursing Service was established by Mary Breckinridge to emulate systems of care used in the Highlands of Scotland. Her biggest contribution was:

In the late 1800s, local health departments were formed in urban areas for what purpose?

Florence Nightingale's contributions to public health included:

The American Red Cross, through its Rural Nursing Service, improved living conditions in villages and isolated farms. Which of the following is an example of the resourcefulness of a nurse of this era?

Ruth Freeman was a leading public health educator, administrator, consultant, author, and leader of the National Health Organization of the twentieth century. Which of the following characterize her philosophy of nursing?

In the past, community-oriented nurses have been called:

The National Organization for Public Health Nursing was formed in 1912 Lillian Wald was its first president. The mission was to improve the educational and services standards of the public health nurse and promote public understanding. Which of the following is a contribution of this organization?

Which of the following is true about African American nurses in public health?