Question 1

The number of uninsured people in the United States has increased to 46 million. Which of the following is an example of a typical uninsured person?
A) An 82-year-old woman with chronic medical problems
B) A 2-year-old whose mother is on welfare
C) A 50-year-old business man who works for a large corporation
D) A 32-year-old man who works part-time at a small business

Accepted Answer

The typical uninsured person is someone who works part-time or for a small business and does not have access to employer-sponsored health insurance. Option A is less likely because many elderly individuals have access to Medicare, while option B is less likely because children in low-income families may be eligible for Medicaid or the State Children's Health Insurance Program. Option C is less likely because most large corporations offer health insurance to their employees.

Question 2

The distribution of health care is affected largely by the way it is financed in the United States. The barriers to health care access include all of the following except:
A) The lack of insurance
B) Being poor
C) Access to care
D) Chronic illness

Accepted Answer

Chronic illness is not a barrier to health care access, as individuals with chronic illnesses may have access to health care through insurance, Medicaid, or Medicare. The other options listed, lack of insurance and being poor, are common barriers to access to health care. Access to care can also be a barrier, as individuals in rural or underserved areas may have difficulty accessing health care facilities.

Question 3

Public health economics:
A) Is concerned with the use of resources
B) Focuses on producing, distributing, and consuming goods and services related to public health
C) Is concerned with how scarce resources affect the health care industry
D) Is a growing field of science and practice that involves the management and use of monies to improve the health of populations

Accepted Answer

B

Question 4

Why should nurses be cognizant of microeconomics?
A) Nurses are often the ones to allocate resources to solve a problem.
B) Nurses are often involved in federal policy making.
C) Nurses should know about microeconomics in order to deliver quality patient care.
D) Health care supplies can be very costly and nurses must use them wisely.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why should nurses be cognizant of microeconomics?
A)...

Question 5

An example of a macroeconomics issue faced by nurses is:
A) The evaluation of client access to services
B) A health policy that makes the development of a new program possible
C) Informing clients and others of the cost of service
D) The referral of clients to available services

Accepted Answer

The development of a new program would require funding and resources, which are impacted by macroeconomic factors such as government spending and economic growth. Nurses may need to advocate for macroeconomic policies that support healthcare initiatives and programs. Options A, C, and D are more microeconomic issues focused on individual clients and their access to services.

Question 6

Examining the behaviors of individuals and organizations that result from trade-offs in utility and budget constraints of health care is a definition of which of the following terms?
A) Economics
B) Health economics
C) Economic evaluation of health care
D) Microeconomic theory

Accepted Answer

The answer of Examining the behaviors of individuals and organizations...

Question 7

Microeconomic theory is based on supply and demand. Which of the following statements illustrates this?
A) The demand for nurses in public health is low, but the supply is high.
B) When few goods or services are available, the price tends to rise.
C) When supplies are low, nurses must find alternate resources.
D) In lesser-developed countries, the supplies are often delivered by technologically advanced countries.

Accepted Answer

This statement directly relates to the basic principle of supply and demand where scarcity of a good or service results in higher prices, and vice versa.

Question 8

Conducting a class at a public health clinic on breast self-examination to a group of women is an example of which of the following terms?
A) Supply and demand
B) Market
C) Efficiency
D) Effectiveness

Accepted Answer

The answer of Conducting a class at a public health...

Question 9

Medicare and Medicaid:
A) Are available to any citizen who wishes to enroll
B) Are two federal programs that provide insurance to special groups
C) Are private insurance providers
D) Both are funded by the state government

Accepted Answer

Medicare and Medicaid are two federal programs that provide insurance to special groups. Medicare provides insurance to individuals over 65 and those with certain disabilities, while Medicaid provides insurance to low-income individuals and families.

Question 10

The allocation of scarce resources within the health care sector and the focus on resource allocation issues related to producing and distributing health care is a definition of which of the following terms?
A) Economics
B) Health economics
C) Economic evaluation of health care
D) Microeconomic theory

Accepted Answer

The definition given in the question aligns with the definition of health economics, which is a branch of economics that focuses on the production, distribution, and consumption of health care resources. Option A, Economics, is too broad and does not specifically focus on health care. Option C, Economic evaluation of health care, is more specific and focuses on evaluating the costs and benefits of health care interventions, but does not encompass the broader resource allocation issues. Option D, Microeconomic theory, is a general concept in economics and does not specifically relate to the health care sector.

Question 11

Managed care is a term for a variety of health arrangements that integrate financing and the delivery of health care. Two types of managed care are:
A) Medicare
B) Medicaid
C) Medical Savings accounts
D) Health maintenance organizations and preferred provider organizations

Accepted Answer

Medicare and Medicaid are both government-funded health insurance programs for specific populations, while medical savings accounts are a type of consumer-driven health plan. Managed care specifically refers to health arrangements that integrate financing and delivery, and the two main types are health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and preferred provider organizations (PPOs). HMOs typically require patients to choose a primary care physician and obtain referrals for specialist visits, while PPOs offer more flexibility in choosing providers but may have higher out-of-pocket costs.

Question 12

A difference between HMOs and PPOs is:
A) The HMO is a provider arrangement whereby comprehensive care if provided to members for a fixed, "per member per month," fee.
B) A PPO does not use predetermined rates for services to be delivered to members.
C) HMOs have one model of care delivery.
D) PPOs do not provide financial incentives to encourage members to select PPO providers.

Accepted Answer

HMOs provide comprehensive care for a fixed fee per member per month, while PPOs typically have predetermined rates and offer financial incentives for using network providers.

Question 13

The health care system developed in four "phases" from 1800 to today. The first phase was characterized by:
A) The rise in technology
B) Epidemics of infectious disease such as typhoid, influenza, and malaria
C) Physicians and nurses who attained their skills in scientifically-based programs
D) An expansion of hospital clinics and long-term care facilities

Accepted Answer

The first phase of health care development, from 1800 to the early 1900s, was characterized by the occurrence of epidemics of infectious diseases such as typhoid, influenza, and malaria. This led to an increased focus on public health initiatives and the development of institutions to care for the sick. Technology, scientifically-based programs for physicians and nurses, and an expansion of hospital clinics and long-term care facilities came later in the subsequent phases of health care development.

Question 14

A person with end-stage kidney failure who is on dialysis no matter what age is eligible for:
A) Medicaid
B) Blue Cross
C) Medicare
D) HMO

Accepted Answer

Medicare is the federal health insurance program for people who are 65 or older, those with certain chronic conditions (such as end-stage kidney failure requiring dialysis), and people with certain disabilities. Therefore, a person with end-stage kidney failure who is on dialysis is eligible for Medicare.

Question 15

To move toward improving a population's health, there must be an investment in public health by all levels of government. Which of the following is true?
A) Millions of people in the United States are without health insurance.
B) The poor in the United States are as healthy as persons with middle or higher incomes.
C) Persons with money and/or health insurance are less likely to seek health care.
D) The poor are more likely to receive health care through private agencies.

Accepted Answer

The fact that millions of people in the United States are without health insurance indicates a need for investment in public health by all levels of government. Lack of access to healthcare can lead to poor health outcomes and reduce overall population health.

Question 16

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires industry to adhere to certain safety standards. Which of the following is an example?
A) Offering influenza vaccine at an industrial plant
B) Allowing smoking in designated areas of a factory
C) Encouraging yearly PAP smears for female employees
D) Wearing eye protection when working with a client who is coughing up large amounts of sputum at the health department

Accepted Answer

OSHA requires wearing proper personal protective equipment (PPE) when working with clients who are potentially infectious, such as wearing eye protection when working with a client who is coughing up large amounts of sputum. The other options do not align with OSHA safety standards.

Question 17

Services offered at the federal government level include:
A) Family planning
B) Direct care services
C) Policy making
D) Preventing communicable and infectious disease

Accepted Answer

The federal government is primarily responsible for policy making, while direct care services and family planning are typically managed at state or local levels. Preventing communicable and infectious diseases is also a federal responsibility, but the primary role is policy making.

Question 18

Primary prevention is based on the premise that more health services will result in better health. Which of the following is an example of primary prevention?
A) A smoking cessation program
B) Radiation therapy for lung cancer
C) Care at a long-term care facility
D) Hospice care

Accepted Answer

Primary prevention aims to prevent diseases from occurring by promoting healthy behaviors and lifestyles or reducing risk factors. A smoking cessation program is an example of primary prevention as it helps individuals quit smoking, a well-established risk factor for many diseases including lung cancer. Radiation therapy (B), long-term care facility (C), and hospice care (D) are not examples of primary prevention as these provide care and treatment for individuals who already have a disease or illness.

Question 19

Efficiency focuses on time or speed in performing tasks and minimizing the waste or unused input during productions. How can nurses promote efficiency?
A) Evaluating how well a program of service achieves what was intended
B) Trying new products provided by sales representatives
C) Using time wisely by delegating non-nursing tasks to unlicensed care providers
D) Setting up a clinic to look aesthetically pleasing to clients

Accepted Answer

Nurses can promote efficiency by delegating non-nursing tasks to unlicensed care providers, so they can use their time wisely to perform more critical nursing duties. This will result in better time management, smooth workflow, and improved patient care. Option A promotes effectiveness rather than efficiency, option B is not related to nursing practices, and option D focuses on aesthetics rather than efficiency.

Question 20

The extent to which a health care service meets a stated goal or objective is:
A) Effectiveness
B) Efficiency
C) Microeconomics
D) Production

Accepted Answer

Effectiveness refers to the degree to which a health care service meets a stated goal or objective, making it the best choice for this question. Efficiency refers to how well resources are used to achieve a goal, which is related but slightly different. Microeconomics and production are not directly related to this concept.

Quiz 5: Economics of Health Care Delivery

The number of uninsured people in the United States has increased to 46 million. Which of the following is an example of a typical uninsured person?

The distribution of health care is affected largely by the way it is financed in the United States. The barriers to health care access include all of the following except:

Public health economics:

Why should nurses be cognizant of microeconomics?

An example of a macroeconomics issue faced by nurses is:

Examining the behaviors of individuals and organizations that result from trade-offs in utility and budget constraints of health care is a definition of which of the following terms?

Microeconomic theory is based on supply and demand. Which of the following statements illustrates this?

Conducting a class at a public health clinic on breast self-examination to a group of women is an example of which of the following terms?

Medicare and Medicaid:

The allocation of scarce resources within the health care sector and the focus on resource allocation issues related to producing and distributing health care is a definition of which of the following terms?

Managed care is a term for a variety of health arrangements that integrate financing and the delivery of health care. Two types of managed care are:

A difference between HMOs and PPOs is:

The health care system developed in four "phases" from 1800 to today. The first phase was characterized by:

A person with end-stage kidney failure who is on dialysis no matter what age is eligible for:

To move toward improving a population's health, there must be an investment in public health by all levels of government. Which of the following is true?

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires industry to adhere to certain safety standards. Which of the following is an example?

Services offered at the federal government level include:

Primary prevention is based on the premise that more health services will result in better health. Which of the following is an example of primary prevention?

Efficiency focuses on time or speed in performing tasks and minimizing the waste or unused input during productions. How can nurses promote efficiency?

The extent to which a health care service meets a stated goal or objective is: