Question 1

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common complication of:
A) Gonorrhea
B) Syphilis
C) Chancroid
D) Herpes

Accepted Answer

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common complication of gonorrhea, as well as other sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia. Syphilis, chancroid, and herpes do not typically lead to PID.

Question 2

A person has syphilis with signs and symptoms of rash, sore throat, and muscle and joint pain. This describes which of the following stages of syphilis?
A) Congenital
B) Primary
C) Secondary
D) Tertiary

Accepted Answer

The signs and symptoms of rash, sore throat, and muscle and joint pain are characteristic of secondary syphilis, which occurs 4-10 weeks after the initial infection. Congenital syphilis is present at birth and can cause a variety of symptoms. Primary syphilis involves a painless sore at the site of infection, and tertiary syphilis can cause damage to multiple organs including the brain, heart, and nerves.

Question 3

Nurses who are uncomfortable discussing topics such as sexual behavior or sexual orientation are likely to avoid assessing risk behaviors with clients. What can be the result?
A) The nurse may be ineffective in identifying risks and assisting in risky behaviors.
B) Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) will not be diagnosed.
C) Clients will be reluctant to return to care providers.
D) The nurse will be violating the laws in most states.

Accepted Answer

If nurses avoid assessing risk behaviors related to sexual behavior or sexual orientation, they may miss key information that could help prevent health problems and assist in risky behavior. This can lead to ineffective treatment, misdiagnosis of STDs, and clients being unlikely to return to care providers. Additionally, while there are laws in some states requiring healthcare providers to discuss sexual orientation with patients, it is not a violation of the law in most states to avoid such discussions.

Question 4

Healthy People 2010 has objectives that can be used to evaluate the progress toward decreasing communicable diseases. Which of the following are included in those objectives?
A) Reduce the number of cases of HIV infection among adults and adolescents
B) Eliminate STDs from developed countries
C) Reduce deaths from gonorrhea
D) Increase awareness about HIV in lesbian females

Accepted Answer

Healthy People 2010 includes objectives like reducing the number of cases of HIV infection among adults and adolescents to evaluate progress in decreasing communicable diseases.

Question 5

Injection drug use is risky because the potential for injecting bloodborne pathogens such as HIV and HBV exists when needles are shared. The nurse can educate IV drug users about sharing equipment by:
A) Telling clients to throw away their equipment after one use
B) Educating the client on using full-strength bleach on their drug paraphernalia for 30 seconds
C) Reporting illegal activities to the authorities and confiscating the needles and syringes
D) Giving out needles and syringes to whoever wants them

Accepted Answer

Educating the client on using full-strength bleach on their drug paraphernalia for 30 seconds can reduce the risk of bloodborne pathogen transmission. Telling clients to throw away their equipment after one use is not always possible, and giving out needles and syringes without proper education or a harm reduction approach can encourage drug use. Reporting illegal activities to authorities and confiscating needles and syringes without providing resources or education could lead to distrust and avoidance of seeking medical care in the future.

Question 6

Which of the following is true of HIV?
A) The primary infection occurs 3 to 6 months after contracting the virus.
B) 90% of HIV-infected persons live about 5 years.
C) The incubation period in infants is longer.
D) Perinatally acquired AIDS cases have increased.

Accepted Answer

HIV-infected persons can live many years with proper treatment, but without treatment, the average survival time is about 5 to 10 years.

Question 7

The clinical course for hepatitis A ranges from mild to severe and often requires prolonged convalescence. In case of exposure, prophylactic immune globulin is indicated. The recommendation for administration of immune globulin is:
A) Persons who have had direct contact with blood
B) Those who ate at the same restaurant as the person with Hepatitis A
C) All health care workers
D) All those who had household or sexual contact with persons with Hepatitis A

Accepted Answer

The most appropriate recommendation for prophylactic immune globulin is for all those who had household or sexual contact with persons with Hepatitis A. This is because Hepatitis A is transmitted through fecal-oral route and close personal contact with an infected person can increase the risk of transmission. Therefore, providing prophylactic immune globulin to close contacts can help prevent the spread of the disease. Administering immune globulin to all health care workers or those who ate at the same restaurant as the person with Hepatitis A is not necessary unless they have had direct contact with the infected person or their bodily fluids.

Question 8

The Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resource Emergency Act was passed in 199
0) The objective of this act was to:
A) Increase AIDS awareness and reporting
B) Provide funds for health care in geographical areas with the largest number of AIDS cases
C) Prevent the transmission of AIDS to children from their mothers
D) Allow persons with the final stages of HIV to die with dignity

Accepted Answer

The objective of the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resource Emergency Act was to provide funds for health care in geographical areas with the largest number of AIDS cases. This act aimed to improve the quality and availability of care for individuals and families affected by HIV/AIDS, especially in areas that lacked sufficient health care resources. The act was named after Ryan White, a teenager who contracted HIV via a blood transfusion and became an activist for AIDS awareness and research.

Question 9

When a client has an STD infection, the risk of HIV infection increases. The nurse serves as an educator about the modes of transmission as well as:
A) A crusader for AIDS research
B) A coach and counselor to those contemplating sexual activity
C) A role model for how to behave toward and provide supportive care for those with HIV infection
D) A policy maker who addresses laws governing privacy rights of HIV-positive persons
38-PAGE 8
Test Bank

Accepted Answer

The nurse serves as a role model for how to behave toward and provide supportive care for those with HIV infection.

Question 10

A nurse is working in a public health center. A patient who has been newly diagnosed as HIV positive comes for counseling. By law, what must the nurse do?
A) Give antiviral medications to the patient
B) Ask the person to name all of his or her sexual contacts
C) Refer the patient to the social worker as someone possibly needing case management
D) Report the HIV-infected person to the state health department

Accepted Answer

By law, healthcare providers are required to report all newly diagnosed cases of HIV to their state health department. This ensures that necessary public health interventions such as partner notification, prevention education, and other support services can be provided to prevent further spread of the disease. Antiviral medication may or may not be indicated depending on the stage of the disease and other factors, and it is not appropriate for the nurse to inquire about the patient's sexual contacts without their consent. Referring the patient to the social worker may be appropriate, but reporting the case to the health department takes precedence.

Question 11

Which part of the immunological system suffers the greatest damage as a result of HIV infection?
A) Dendrite cells
B) CD4+ T lymphocytes
C) Macrophages
D) Monocytes

Accepted Answer

CD4+ T lymphocytes are the primary target of HIV infection and suffer the greatest damage, leading to a progressive decline in immune function. Dendritic cells and macrophages are also targeted by HIV but to a lesser extent. Monocytes can be infected by HIV but are not a primary target.

Question 12

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) is used:
A) To indicate the presence of the antibody to HIV
B) To reveal whether a person has AIDS
C) To isolate the HIV virus
D) As a confirmatory test after the Western blot

Accepted Answer

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) is a test that detects the presence of antibodies to specific antigens, such as those found in the HIV virus. Therefore, EIA is commonly used to indicate the presence of the antibody to HIV in a person's blood. It is not used to reveal whether a person has AIDS, isolate the HIV virus, or as a confirmatory test after Western blot.

Question 13

In comparison with HIV infection in adults, HIV infection in infants and children:
A) Has the same signs and symptoms
B) Has a shorter incubation period
C) Has a longer survival period
D) Is detected by using the same tests

Accepted Answer

HIV infection in infants and children has a shorter incubation period compared to adults. This means that they are likely to develop symptoms sooner after contracting the virus. Additionally, testing for HIV in infants and children is different from that used in adults and requires specialized laboratory techniques. The survival period for HIV-positive infants and children varies depending on access to antiretroviral therapy and other healthcare interventions.

Question 14

Through which of the following routes is HIV transmitted?
A) Coughing
B) Breast milk
C) Mosquitoes
D) Sneezing

Accepted Answer

HIV can be transmitted through breast milk, but not through coughing, sneezing, or mosquitoes. HIV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, sharing injection drug equipment, and mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

Question 15

Which of the following STDs is bacterial?
A) Trichomonas
B) HIV
C) Syphilis
D) Genital warts

Accepted Answer

Syphilis is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum.

Question 16

Mental health issues such as depression, substance abuse, and bipolar disorder are frequently present in someone newly diagnosed with HIV. Nurses can assist employers by:
A) Educating managers about how to deal with ill or infected workers to reduce the risk of breaching confidentiality or wrongful actions such as termination
B) Explaining how to tell fellow employees how to keep themselves safe from HIV transmission
C) Helping employers seek medical insurance coverage for HIV-infected persons
D) Describing the signs and symptoms of HIV in case other workers get it

Accepted Answer

Educating managers about how to deal with ill or infected workers to reduce the risk of breaching confidentiality or wrongful actions such as termination can help protect the rights of HIV-infected individuals and prevent discrimination. It is important for employers to have accurate and up-to-date information about HIV in the workplace to ensure a safe and inclusive work environment.

Question 17

The most common reportable infectious disease in the United States is:
A) Gonorrhea
B) Syphilis
C) Herpes
D) Chlamydia

Accepted Answer

Chlamydia is the most commonly reported infectious disease in the United States, with over 1.7 million cases reported in 2017. Gonorrhea and syphilis are also reportable sexually transmitted infections, but they have lower overall incidence rates. Herpes is not a reportable infectious disease.

Question 18

A community health nurse visits a homeless shelter that has several clients with tuberculosis who are taking antimicrobial drugs. Supervised drug administration may be done on a daily basis with persons with poor adherence because:
A) This type of client does not care about his or her health.
B) Homeless people have no access to medications.
C) Poor adherence can result in drug resistance.
D) The antimicrobials are so powerful, clients must be observed for reactions.

Accepted Answer

Poor adherence to antimicrobial drugs can lead to drug resistance and treatment failure. Therefore, supervised administration can help ensure clients are taking their medications correctly and consistently.

Question 19

Early symptoms of pediatric HIV infection include:
A) Failure to thrive, developmental delays
B) Kaposi's sarcoma, developmental delays
C) Toxoplasmosis, oral Candidiasis
D) Fatigue, shortness of breath

Accepted Answer

Pediatric HIV infection symptoms typically include failure to thrive and developmental delays, as the virus can affect the child's growth and development. Kaposi's sarcoma and oral Candidiasis are more commonly associated with advanced stages of HIV infection, while toxoplasmosis can occur in the later stages of infection. Fatigue and shortness of breath are more generalized symptoms that can occur in any stage of HIV infection.

Question 20

HIV transmission can occur through:
A) Exposure to blood
B) Insect bites
C) Sharing of school supplies
D) Toilets

Accepted Answer

HIV can be transmitted through exposure to infected blood, such as through sharing needles or receiving a blood transfusion with infected blood. It is not transmitted through insect bites, sharing school supplies, or using public toilets.

Quiz 38: Communicable and Infectious Disease Risks

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common complication of:

A person has syphilis with signs and symptoms of rash, sore throat, and muscle and joint pain. This describes which of the following stages of syphilis?

Nurses who are uncomfortable discussing topics such as sexual behavior or sexual orientation are likely to avoid assessing risk behaviors with clients. What can be the result?

Healthy People 2010 has objectives that can be used to evaluate the progress toward decreasing communicable diseases. Which of the following are included in those objectives?

Injection drug use is risky because the potential for injecting bloodborne pathogens such as HIV and HBV exists when needles are shared. The nurse can educate IV drug users about sharing equipment by:

Which of the following is true of HIV?

The clinical course for hepatitis A ranges from mild to severe and often requires prolonged convalescence. In case of exposure, prophylactic immune globulin is indicated. The recommendation for administration of immune globulin is:

The Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resource Emergency Act was passed in 199 0) The objective of this act was to:

When a client has an STD infection, the risk of HIV infection increases. The nurse serves as an educator about the modes of transmission as well as:

A nurse is working in a public health center. A patient who has been newly diagnosed as HIV positive comes for counseling. By law, what must the nurse do?

Which part of the immunological system suffers the greatest damage as a result of HIV infection?

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) is used:

In comparison with HIV infection in adults, HIV infection in infants and children:

Through which of the following routes is HIV transmitted?

Which of the following STDs is bacterial?

Mental health issues such as depression, substance abuse, and bipolar disorder are frequently present in someone newly diagnosed with HIV. Nurses can assist employers by:

The most common reportable infectious disease in the United States is:

A community health nurse visits a homeless shelter that has several clients with tuberculosis who are taking antimicrobial drugs. Supervised drug administration may be done on a daily basis with persons with poor adherence because:

Early symptoms of pediatric HIV infection include:

HIV transmission can occur through: