Question 1

The average age at which boys reach puberty has now fallen to between _____ years old.
A)8 and 9
B)9 and 10
C)10 and 11
D)11 and 12

Accepted Answer

According to current research, the average age at which boys reach puberty is between 9 and 10 years old. Therefore, option B, "9 and 10," is the best choice.

Question 2

Development of primary and secondary sex characteristics is triggered by increased production of the hormones:
A)adrenaline and progesterone.
B)thyroxin and oxytocin.
C)estrogen and testosterone.
D)oxytocin and progesterone.

Accepted Answer

The development of primary and secondary sex characteristics is primarily triggered by increased production of the hormones estrogen and testosterone, which are produced in the ovaries and testes, respectively. Adrenaline, progesterone, thyroxin, and oxytocin are important hormones in their own right, but are not directly involved in the development of sex characteristics.

Question 3

In one study,participants were hypnotized to feel disgust upon hearing a particular word.Later,they judged the morality of certain actions that either contained or did not contain the word in the description.Participants were more likely to judge actions containing the target word as immoral,suggesting that:
A)moral reasoning is determined more by prescriptions than principles.
B)moral reasoning is caused by feelings.
C)emotions are determined by the outcomes of moral reasoning.
D)moral reasoning is determined more by intentions than outcomes.

Accepted Answer

The study suggests that moral reasoning is caused by feelings, as the participants were more likely to judge actions as immoral when they felt disgust upon hearing a particular word. This supports the idea that emotions play a prominent role in moral decision-making.

Question 4

Even when they were very young,Casey would show signs of distress if her fraternal twin Cole were crying,reaching over to pat her sister on the back.The intuitionist perspective would suggest that such behavior represents:
A)an aversion to the suffering of other people.
B)caring behavior taught by primary caregivers.
C)an emotional experience caused by a preconventional morality.
D)the moralistic shift from prescriptions to principles.

Accepted Answer

This behavior aligns with the intuitionist perspective, which posits that moral judgments and actions (like showing distress at another's suffering and attempting to comfort them) are often driven by innate emotional responses rather than taught principles or reasoning.

Question 5

_____ is one of the primary sex characteristics.
A)Onset of menstruation
B)Breast enlargement
C)Appearance of pubic hair
D)Lowering of the voice

Accepted Answer

Primary sex characteristics are those directly related to the reproductive organs and functions. Onset of menstruation is a primary sex characteristic because it is directly related to the reproductive system and its functions.

Question 6

According to the moral intuitionist perspective:
A)incest is wrong because it disgusts us.
B)aversion to the suffering of others develops only after a child has learned the difference between right and wrong.
C)people's feelings are guided by their moral reasoning.
D)the shift from conventional to postconventional morality is due largely to language development.

Accepted Answer

According to the moral intuitionist perspective, incest is wrong because it invokes a strong feeling of disgust in most people. This perspective argues that moral judgments are primarily based on intuition, emotions, and gut reactions rather than logical reasoning or deliberate decision-making. In the case of incest, the aversion to it is so strong and widespread that it is considered a near-universal taboo in human societies.

Question 7

The period of development that begins with the onset of sexual maturity and lasts until the beginning of adulthood is called:
A)puberty.
B)adolescence.
C)the tween years.
D)emerging adulthood.

Accepted Answer

Adolescence is the period of development that begins with the onset of sexual maturity and typically lasts until the beginning of adulthood, which is usually around 18-21 years old. This period is marked by significant physical, cognitive, and emotional changes, as individuals navigate their way from childhood to adulthood. Puberty is one of the key markers of adolescence, as it marks the onset of sexual maturation and physical changes such as growth spurts, body hair, and menstruation. The tween years refer to the pre-adolescent period, typically between the ages of 9-12, when individuals are no longer young children but not yet teenagers. Emerging adulthood is a term used to describe the period of life between adolescence and full adulthood, typically from the late teens to mid-twenties, when individuals are exploring their identity, making significant life choices, and developing greater independence.

Question 8

The development of neurons in the _____ lobe continues to increase through age 20.
A)frontal
B)temporal
C)occipital
D)parietal

Accepted Answer

The answer of The development of neurons in the _____...

Question 9

A spouse reports that he does not cheat on his partner because the thought of doing so makes him feel bad.This statement is MOST compatible with:
A)Kohlberg's postconventional moral reasoning.
B)Piaget's account of moral reasoning based on prescriptions.
C)Piaget's account of moral reasoning based on realism.
D)an intuitionist account of moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

The spouse's statement about feeling bad is an emotional response, indicating a reliance on intuitionist account of moral reasoning.

Question 10

The bodily structures that are directly involved in reproduction are known as _____ sex characteristics.
A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)pubertal

Accepted Answer

Primary sex characteristics refer to the reproductive organs themselves, meaning the penis, testes, and scrotum in males and the ovaries, uterus, and vagina in females. Secondary sex characteristics, on the other hand, are physical features that develop during puberty but are not directly involved in reproduction, such as breasts in females and facial hair in males. Tertiary and pubertal are not commonly used terms in discussing sexual development.

Question 11

Recent research on the brains of adolescents indicates that development in the prefrontal cortex undergoes a _____ just before puberty and a(n)_____ during adolescence.
A)growth spurt;additional growth spurt
B)synaptic proliferation;synaptic pruning
C)synaptic pruning;synaptic proliferation
D)reduction in neurotransmitters;further reduction

Accepted Answer

Recent research on adolescent brain development shows that there is a phase of synaptic proliferation (an increase in the number of synapses) just before puberty, followed by a phase of synaptic pruning during adolescence, where the brain eliminates excess synapses to increase the efficiency of its neural networks.

Question 12

According to the moral intuitionist perspective,humans developed the distinctions between right and wrong as a way of:
A)enhancing reproductive success.
B)justifying social policies.
C)explaining emotional reactions.
D)protecting self-interests.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the moral intuitionist perspective,humans developed...

Question 13

According to the moral intuitionist perspective:
A)incest disgusts us because we consider it wrong.
B)aversion to the suffering of others develops only after a child has learned the difference between right and wrong.
C)people's feelings are guided by their moral reasoning.
D)negative emotional reactions to others' pain begin early in life and guide moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

The moral intuitionist perspective suggests that negative emotional reactions to others' pain begin early in life and guide moral reasoning. It is not solely based on moral reasoning, but rather also influenced by emotional responses.

Question 14

In one study using the Trolley Problem,people who are unable to experience emotion due to brain damage were given the choice to sacrifice one life to save five lives by either pulling a switch or pushing a man off a bridge.These people MOST commonly:
A)were indifferent between options.
B)chose to pull the switch.
C)chose to push a man off a bridge.
D)refused to sacrifice a life to save five.

Accepted Answer

People who are unable to experience emotion due to brain damage are more likely to choose the option that results in the least amount of harm, which is pulling the switch.

Question 15

Research has shown that watching someone in physical pain activates:
A)brain regions associated with our own emotional experience of physical pain.
B)language association areas used to describe abstract concepts such as suffering.
C)hindbrain areas that were the earliest brain regions to evolve.
D)brain regions associated with moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

When we watch someone else in pain, our mirror neurons activate and simulate the pain being experienced by the other person. This simulation of pain is processed in the same brain regions that process our own experiences of physical pain.

Question 16

On her first day as a student teacher,Emily observes that,in her class of 11-year-old sixth graders,on average:
A)the girls are taller than are the boys.
B)the children all appear similar in height.
C)the boys are taller than are the girls.
D)more boys than girls are exhibiting secondary sex characteristics.

Accepted Answer

On average, girls enter puberty earlier than boys, leading to an earlier growth spurt. Therefore, in a class of 11-year-olds, it's common for girls to be taller than boys.

Question 17

Which factor is a secondary sex characteristic?
A)growth of the penis in boys
B)the capacity for ejaculation in boys
C)onset of menstruation in girls
D)breast enlargement in girls

Accepted Answer

Breast enlargement in girls is a secondary sex characteristic that develops during puberty as a result of increased levels of estrogen. The growth of the penis and the capacity for ejaculation in boys are also secondary sex characteristics, but they are not relevant options in this question. The onset of menstruation in girls is a primary sex characteristic that marks the beginning of reproductive capability, not a secondary sex characteristic.

Question 18

In just 3 or 4 years,the average adolescent gains about _____ pounds,and grows about _____ inches.
A)10;4
B)20;7
C)30;13
D)40;10

Accepted Answer

The answer of In just 3 or 4 years,the average...

Question 19

The adolescent growth spurt begins in girls at about age _____ and in boys at about age _____.
A)8;9
B)9;11
C)10;12
D)11;14

Accepted Answer

The adolescent growth spurt typically begins in girls around age 10 and in boys around age 12.

Question 20

The age at which the onset of menstruation occurs in girls decreased by about _____ year(s)between the 19th and 20th centuries.
A)1
B)2
C)4
D)6

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the age of menarche (onset of menstruation) has decreased by about four years between the 19th and 20th centuries. This is believed to be due to improvements in nutrition and overall health.

Quiz 11: Development-Part A

The average age at which boys reach puberty has now fallen to between _____ years old.

Development of primary and secondary sex characteristics is triggered by increased production of the hormones:

Even when they were very young,Casey would show signs of distress if her fraternal twin Cole were crying,reaching over to pat her sister on the back.The intuitionist perspective would suggest that such behavior represents:

_____ is one of the primary sex characteristics.

According to the moral intuitionist perspective:

The period of development that begins with the onset of sexual maturity and lasts until the beginning of adulthood is called:

The development of neurons in the _____ lobe continues to increase through age 20.

A spouse reports that he does not cheat on his partner because the thought of doing so makes him feel bad.This statement is MOST compatible with:

The bodily structures that are directly involved in reproduction are known as _____ sex characteristics.

Recent research on the brains of adolescents indicates that development in the prefrontal cortex undergoes a _ just before puberty and a(n) _ during adolescence.

According to the moral intuitionist perspective,humans developed the distinctions between right and wrong as a way of:

According to the moral intuitionist perspective:

In one study using the Trolley Problem,people who are unable to experience emotion due to brain damage were given the choice to sacrifice one life to save five lives by either pulling a switch or pushing a man off a bridge.These people MOST commonly:

Research has shown that watching someone in physical pain activates:

On her first day as a student teacher,Emily observes that,in her class of 11-year-old sixth graders,on average:

Which factor is a secondary sex characteristic?

In just 3 or 4 years,the average adolescent gains about _ pounds,and grows about _ inches.

The adolescent growth spurt begins in girls at about age _ and in boys at about age _.

The age at which the onset of menstruation occurs in girls decreased by about _____ year(s) between the 19th and 20th centuries.

Quiz 11: Development-Part A

The average age at which boys reach puberty has now fallen to between _____ years old.

Development of primary and secondary sex characteristics is triggered by increased production of the hormones:

Even when they were very young,Casey would show signs of distress if her fraternal twin Cole were crying,reaching over to pat her sister on the back.The intuitionist perspective would suggest that such behavior represents:

_____ is one of the primary sex characteristics.

According to the moral intuitionist perspective:

The period of development that begins with the onset of sexual maturity and lasts until the beginning of adulthood is called:

The development of neurons in the _____ lobe continues to increase through age 20.

A spouse reports that he does not cheat on his partner because the thought of doing so makes him feel bad.This statement is MOST compatible with:

The bodily structures that are directly involved in reproduction are known as _____ sex characteristics.

Recent research on the brains of adolescents indicates that development in the prefrontal cortex undergoes a _____ just before puberty and a(n) _____ during adolescence.

According to the moral intuitionist perspective,humans developed the distinctions between right and wrong as a way of:

According to the moral intuitionist perspective:

In one study using the Trolley Problem,people who are unable to experience emotion due to brain damage were given the choice to sacrifice one life to save five lives by either pulling a switch or pushing a man off a bridge.These people MOST commonly:

Research has shown that watching someone in physical pain activates:

On her first day as a student teacher,Emily observes that,in her class of 11-year-old sixth graders,on average:

Which factor is a secondary sex characteristic?

In just 3 or 4 years,the average adolescent gains about _____ pounds,and grows about _____ inches.

The adolescent growth spurt begins in girls at about age _____ and in boys at about age _____.

The age at which the onset of menstruation occurs in girls decreased by about _____ year(s) between the 19th and 20th centuries.

Recent research on the brains of adolescents indicates that development in the prefrontal cortex undergoes a _ just before puberty and a(n) _ during adolescence.

In just 3 or 4 years,the average adolescent gains about _ pounds,and grows about _ inches.

The adolescent growth spurt begins in girls at about age _ and in boys at about age _.