Question 1

Formal operational thinking is distinguished from concrete operations by the ability to:
A)understand the principle of conservation.
B)reason about abstract concepts.
C)show egocentrism.
D)understand object permanence.

Accepted Answer

Formal operational thinking is characterized by the ability to reason about abstract concepts, whereas concrete operational thinking is focused on concrete, observable events and objects. The other options listed are developments that occur earlier in Piaget's theory of cognitive development and are present during the concrete operational stage.

Question 2

Elsa and Ariela were discussing what might happen to gender relations if the United States were to elect a woman as president.It is likely they are in the _____ stage of cognitive development.
A)Formal operational
B)concrete operational
C)preoperational
D)abstract operational

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the formal operational stage begins around age 11 and lasts throughout adulthood. In this stage, individuals are able to think abstractly and hypothetically, consider multiple viewpoints, and engage in advanced reasoning and problem-solving. Elsa and Ariela are discussing a complex societal issue and considering its potential implications, indicating they are likely in the formal operational stage of cognitive development.

Question 3

Researchers of cognitive development now suggest that:
A)infants cannot develop the schema of object permanence.
B)infants develop the schema of object permanence much later than Piaget realized.
C)infants may have a sense of object permanence much earlier than Piaget realized.
D)Piaget's theories about the development of object permanence were surprisingly accurate.

Accepted Answer

Recent research suggests that infants may have a sense of object permanence as early as 3-4 months, which is earlier than Piaget's original belief that it did not develop until around 8-9 months.

Question 4

Anthony is able to think about "what might be," not only about "what is." According to Piaget,Anthony is in which stage of cognitive development?
A)sensorimotor
B)preoperational
C)concrete operational
D)Formal operational

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, the ability to think hypothetically and consider possibilities beyond what is currently known is a characteristic of the formal operational stage of cognitive development, which typically begins around age 11 and lasts through adulthood.

Question 5

Isabel,who just had her first birthday,sees a butterfly and exclaims,"Bird!" "No,that's a butterfly," says her grandmother.The next time Isabel sees a butterfly,she says,"Butterfly!" According to Piaget,Isabel has just shown:
A)habituation.
B)concrete operations.
C)assimilation.
D)accommodation.

Accepted Answer

Isabel's initial response of calling the butterfly a bird shows her attempt to assimilate the new information (butterfly) into an existing schema (bird). However, when her grandmother corrects her, Isabel adjusts her schema by creating a new category for the butterfly, demonstrating accommodation.

Question 6

The rooting and sucking reflexes:
A)grow stronger over the first several months of life.
B)do not change in intensity over the first several months of life.
C)grow weaker over the first several months of life.
D)are replaced by the swallowing reflex.

Accepted Answer

The rooting and sucking reflexes are present at birth to help infants feed. Over the first several months of life, as babies develop more voluntary control over their actions, these reflexes typically grow weaker and are gradually integrated into more deliberate behaviors.

Question 7

The possibility that infants as young as 4 months of age have some knowledge of object permanence has been shown by studies in which:
A)infants view "possible" and "impossible" events.
B)children place eggs in cups.
C)water is poured from wide beakers into tall cylinders.
D)clay is flattened and then rolled into a ball.

Accepted Answer

The studies where infants view "possible" and "impossible" events have demonstrated that infants as young as 4 months of age have some knowledge of object permanence, indicating that they understand that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight. The other options do not relate to object permanence.

Question 8

According to Piaget,the preoperational stage of cognitive development begins at _____ and ends at about age _____.
A)birth;2 years
B)2 years;6 years
C)6 years;11 years
D)11 years;18 years

Accepted Answer

Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development begins at 2 years and ends at about age 6 years.

Question 9

Three-month-old Shantel has not yet acquired object permanence and,as a result,she will:
A)search only briefly for a toy that has been covered with a blanket.
B)not search for a toy that has been covered with a blanket.
C)construct a schema about where the toy is hidden.
D)cry when her toy is hidden under a blanket.

Accepted Answer

Babies who have not yet acquired object permanence do not understand that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen. Therefore, they will not search for a toy that has been covered with a blanket because they do not realize it still exists.

Question 10

Jack is an infant who loves to play peek-a-boo with his father.He seems amazed that his father "reappears" after hiding his face behind his hands.Jack probably enjoys peek-a-boo because he does NOT yet understand:
A)object permanence.
B)schemas.
C)animism.
D)conservation.

Accepted Answer

Jack's enjoyment of peek-a-boo suggests that he has not yet developed the concept of object permanence, which is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight. When Jack's father hides his face, Jack likely does not yet realize that his father is still there, behind his hands, and gets excited when he reappears.

Question 11

Five-year-old Latoya watches her father place a ball in each of six bowls.She agrees that there are just as many balls as there are bowls.Her father then removes the balls and spreads them out in a row that extends beyond the row of bowls.Latoya says there are now more balls than there are bowls.According to Piaget,Latoya lacks the concept of:
A)conservation.
B)egocentrism.
C)object permanence.
D)false beliefs.

Accepted Answer

Latoya's response indicates that she does not understand the concept of conservation, which is the idea that a quantity remains the same despite changes in appearance or arrangement. She initially understood that there were six balls when they were in the bowls, but did not realize that they still made six when they were spread out in a row. This is a typical response for a child who has not yet acquired the concept of conservation, according to Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

Question 12

Jean Piaget called the idea that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible:
A)conservation.
B)object permanence.
C)inattentional blindness.
D)objective blindsight.

Accepted Answer

Jean Piaget called the idea that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible "object permanence". Conservation refers to the ability to understand that the amount of a substance remains the same even if it is rearranged or appears different in size or shape. Inattentional blindness refers to the failure to notice or become aware of unexpected visual stimuli, and objective blindsight refers to the ability to accurately sense or react to visual stimuli in the absence of conscious awareness. None of these concepts are directly related to Piaget's idea of object permanence.

Question 13

According to Piaget,the Formal operational stage of cognitive development begins around age _____ years.
A)11
B)13
C)15
D)17

Accepted Answer

The Formal operational stage, according to Piaget, typically begins around age 11. This stage is characterized by the development of abstract thinking and the ability to systematically plan for the future and reason about hypothetical situations.

Question 14

The idea that quantitative properties of an object are invariant despite changes in the object's appearance is what Jean Piaget termed:
A)conservation.
B)object permanence.
C)assimilation.
D)accommodation.

Accepted Answer

Conservation is the concept that certain properties of objects remain constant despite changes in their appearance or arrangement. This concept was introduced by Jean Piaget and is a key developmental milestone in children's cognitive development.

Question 15

According to Piaget,the sensorimotor stage begins at _____ and ends at about age _____.
A)birth;4 months
B)birth;2 years
C)2 years;4 years
D)2 years;6 years

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, the sensorimotor stage begins at birth and ends at about 2 years of age. During this stage, infants develop their senses and motor skills while exploring and interacting with the environment.

Question 16

How do researchers know that infants can tell the difference between a physically impossible and physically possible event?
A)Infants will stare longer at the possible event than they do at the impossible event.
B)Infants will stare longer at the impossible event than they do at the possible event.
C)Infants will demonstrate object permanence to the possible event but not to the impossible event.
D)Infants will demonstrate object permanence to the impossible event but not to the possible event.

Accepted Answer

Researchers have found that infants as young as 4 months old will stare longer at a physically impossible event than they will at a physically possible event. This suggests that they are able to detect when something goes against their expectations or violates the laws of physics. This phenomenon is known as the violation of expectation method and has been used in numerous studies to investigate early cognitive abilities in infants.

Question 17

As children watched,Dr.Vallance poured the same amount of juice into two identical glasses.Then she poured the juice from one of those glasses into a taller,narrower glass.When asked which glass now has more juice,children in the concrete operational stage say that:
A)the tall glass has more.
B)both glasses have the same amount.
C)they don't know.
D)the tall glass has less.

Accepted Answer

Children in the concrete operational stage (ages 7 to 11) understand the concept of conservation, meaning they know that the quantity of juice remains the same despite its appearance in a different shaped container.

Question 18

Which statement is NOT a reason why,according to Piaget,young children cannot grasp the notion of conservation? Young children:
A)fail to distinguish between the objective and the subjective.
B)believe that the world is as it seems.
C)distinguish between appearances and realities.
D)do not understand the difference between the world and their mental representation of it.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory suggests that young children struggle with conservation because they cannot yet distinguish between appearances and realities. They often believe that the world is exactly as it appears to them (B), fail to distinguish between the objective and the subjective (A), and do not understand the difference between the world and their mental representation of it (D). Therefore, the statement that young children can distinguish between appearances and realities (C) is not a reason why they cannot grasp the notion of conservation according to Piaget.

Question 19

Piaget believed that object permanence:
A)is present at birth.
B)develops in the first 2 months of life.
C)develops in the sensorimotor stage.
D)develops in the preoperational stage.

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, object permanence develops in the sensorimotor stage of development, which occurs between birth and 2 years of age. During this stage, infants learn that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight or not directly perceived. This understanding of object permanence is a critical aspect of cognitive development that allows infants to engage in purposeful and intentional actions towards objects in their environment.

Question 20

According to Piaget,the concrete operational stage of cognitive development begins at _____ years and ends at about age _____ years.
A)2;7
B)4;9
C)6;11
D)9;14

Accepted Answer

Piaget believed that the concrete operational stage of cognitive development begins at around 6 years of age and ends at about 11 years old. In this stage, children begin to think logically about concrete events, understand the concept of conservation, and can classify objects according to several characteristics.

Quiz 11: Development-Part A

Formal operational thinking is distinguished from concrete operations by the ability to:

Elsa and Ariela were discussing what might happen to gender relations if the United States were to elect a woman as president.It is likely they are in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

Researchers of cognitive development now suggest that:

Anthony is able to think about "what might be," not only about "what is." According to Piaget,Anthony is in which stage of cognitive development?

Isabel,who just had her first birthday,sees a butterfly and exclaims,"Bird!" "No,that's a butterfly," says her grandmother.The next time Isabel sees a butterfly,she says,"Butterfly!" According to Piaget,Isabel has just shown:

The rooting and sucking reflexes:

The possibility that infants as young as 4 months of age have some knowledge of object permanence has been shown by studies in which:

According to Piaget,the preoperational stage of cognitive development begins at _ and ends at about age _.

Three-month-old Shantel has not yet acquired object permanence and,as a result,she will:

Jack is an infant who loves to play peek-a-boo with his father.He seems amazed that his father "reappears" after hiding his face behind his hands.Jack probably enjoys peek-a-boo because he does NOT yet understand:

Jean Piaget called the idea that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible:

According to Piaget,the Formal operational stage of cognitive development begins around age _____ years.

The idea that quantitative properties of an object are invariant despite changes in the object's appearance is what Jean Piaget termed:

According to Piaget,the sensorimotor stage begins at _ and ends at about age _.

How do researchers know that infants can tell the difference between a physically impossible and physically possible event?

As children watched,Dr.Vallance poured the same amount of juice into two identical glasses.Then she poured the juice from one of those glasses into a taller,narrower glass.When asked which glass now has more juice,children in the concrete operational stage say that:

Which statement is NOT a reason why,according to Piaget,young children cannot grasp the notion of conservation? Young children:

Piaget believed that object permanence:

According to Piaget,the concrete operational stage of cognitive development begins at _ years and ends at about age _ years.