Question 1

The optic nerve leaves the eye through a hole in the:
A)pupil.
B)fovea.
C)retina.
D)cornea.

Accepted Answer

The optic nerve is composed of bundled nerve fibers that carry visual information from the eye to the brain. It exits the eye through a hole in the retina called the optic disc or optic nerve head. Neither the pupil nor the fovea have an opening for the optic nerve, and the cornea is a clear, dome-shaped tissue that covers the front of the eye and does not contain any openings for the optic nerve.

Question 2

Due to the partial crossing of visual information at the _____,information from the _____ visual field projects to the brain's right hemisphere.
A)optic chiasm;right
B)optic chiasm;left
C)lateral geniculate nucleus;right
D)lateral geniculate nucleus;left

Accepted Answer

Due to the partial crossing of visual pathways at the optic chiasm, information from the left visual field of both eyes is projected to the right hemisphere of the brain, and vice versa.

Question 3

Visual form agnosia is MOST associated with impaired functioning in the:
A)ventral stream of visual processing.
B)dorsal stream of visual processing.
C)superior colliculus.
D)optic chiasm.

Accepted Answer

Visual form agnosia is a deficit in the ability to recognize visually presented objects despite appropriate perception of their attributes such as color, shape, and texture. This deficit is associated with impaired functioning in the ventral stream of visual processing, which is responsible for object identification and recognition. The dorsal stream of visual processing is responsible for spatial awareness and motion detection, and is not as strongly associated with visual form agnosia. The superior colliculus and optic chiasm are not directly involved in visual processing for object recognition.

Question 4

A participant is shown two flash cards,one with a black-colored 8 and the other with a gold-colored 6.When asked to describe what she saw,she responds that she saw a gold-colored 8 and a black-colored 6,illustrating _____ primarily caused by _____.
A)color blindness;genetics
B)agnosia;hippocampal impairments
C)illusory conjunction;occipital lesions
D)illusory conjunction;lack of focused attention

Accepted Answer

The participant's response is an example of an illusory conjunction, where two separate features of an object (color and number) are combined incorrectly due to a lack of focused attention. This mistake is not necessarily indicative of a neurological disorder like color blindness, agnosia, or occipital lesions.

Question 5

Days after breaking his nose in a football game,Ben still perceived a dull pain in his nose.Which pain-sensory neurons are responsible for this sensation?
A)A-delta fibers
B)B-gamma fibers
C)C fibers
D)V fibers

Accepted Answer

C fibers are unmyelinated fibers that transmit pain signals slowly and produce a dull, throbbing pain sensation. In this case, the dull pain sensation in Ben's nose suggests the involvement of C fibers.

Question 6

The local fire department sounds the 12 o'clock siren.The process by which your ears convert the sound waves from the siren into neural impulses is called:
A)accommodation.
B)parallel processing.
C)transduction.
D)sensory adaptation.

Accepted Answer

The process of converting sound waves into neural impulses is called transduction, making option C the correct answer. Accommodation refers to the process of changing the shape of the lens to focus on an object, while parallel processing refers to the ability of the brain to process multiple stimuli at the same time. Sensory adaptation is the process by which our brains adjust to constant or repetitive stimuli, resulting in a decrease in sensitivity to that stimuli over time. None of these options match the process of converting sound waves into neural impulses.

Question 7

Which structure(s)is/are contained in the middle ear?
A)the auditory canal
B)the ossicles
C)the eardrum
D)the cochlea

Accepted Answer

The ossicles (specifically the malleus, incus, and stapes) are the three small bones contained in the middle ear that help transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. The auditory canal (A) is part of the outer ear, and the cochlea (D) is part of the inner ear. The eardrum (C) is also part of the middle ear but is not the best choice as it is only one structure whereas the ossicles are a group of three interconnected bones.

Question 8

Which structures become active under low-light conditions for night vision?
A)rods
B)bipolar cells
C)cones
D)feature detectors

Accepted Answer

Rods are the photoreceptor cells in the retina that are responsible for vision in low-light conditions, including night vision. They become active under low-light conditions and allow us to perceive shapes and movements without color detail. Bipolar cells, cones, and feature detectors are not specifically involved in night vision.

Question 9

Giulio holds a bag of 70 marbles in his hands.Jim blindfolds Giulio and keeps adding marbles to Giulio's bag,one at a time.However,Giulio notices the difference in the weight only after Jim has added 5 marbles.They now repeat the same experiment with a bag of 140 marbles.This time,Giulio notices the difference in the weight only after Jim has added 10 marbles.This scenario BEST illustrates:
A)signal detection theory.
B)Weber's law.
C)accommodation.
D)Ricco's law.

Accepted Answer

Weber's law states that the just noticeable difference (JND) between two stimuli is proportional to the magnitude of the stimuli. In this scenario, the JND for Giulio is 5 marbles out of 70 in the first experiment and 10 marbles out of 140 in the second experiment. This is consistent with Weber's law, which describes the relationship between the magnitude of the stimuli and the JND. The other options are not applicable in this scenario.

Question 10

Brightness is to amplitude as hue is to:
A)purity.
B)pitch.
C)color.
D)wavelength.

Accepted Answer

Hue is directly related to the wavelength of light, determining the color we perceive, similar to how brightness is determined by the amplitude of light waves.

Question 11

In landscape paintings,artists often paint distant objects,such as trees,closer to the top edge of the canvas than nearby objects,such as flowers.This is an example of the use of the monocular depth cue known as:
A)linear perspective.
B)texture gradient.
C)relative height.
D)interposition.

Accepted Answer

The use of relative height suggests that objects that are higher up in the visual field are perceived as being more distant than objects that are lower down. By painting distant trees closer to the top edge of the canvas than nearby flowers, the artist is using relative height as a monocular depth cue. Linear perspective involves using converging lines to create the illusion of depth, texture gradient refers to the gradual change in the size and spacing of texture elements as they recede in the distance, and interposition involves one object partially blocking another to suggest depth. While all of these cues can be used in landscape painting, relative height is the best choice to explain the positioning of distant objects higher up on the canvas.

Question 12

_____ would play a role in quickly alerting you to a gas leak in your house.
A)The vestibular system
B)Olfactory receptor neurons
C)Feature detectors in the A1 area of the occipital cortex
D)Thermoreceptors

Accepted Answer

Olfactory receptor neurons, located in the nose, detect different chemical compounds in the air, including the gas that is responsible for the leak. This information is then quickly transferred to the brain, triggering the sense of smell and alerting the individual to the presence of the gas.

Question 13

According to _____-based theories of object recognition,your brain compares perceived retinal images with _____ to make identifications.
A)image;templates
B)image;geons
C)parts;templates
D)parts;geons

Accepted Answer

Image-based theories propose that the brain compares the perceived retinal images with stored templates in order to recognize objects. On the other hand, geon-based theories propose that object recognition is based on the identification of basic geometric shapes called geons. Therefore, option A is the best choice as it correctly identifies the basis of the image-based theory.

Question 14

The registration of light,sound,pressure,odor,or taste as your body interacts with the physical world is called:
A)priming.
B)perception.
C)synesthesia.
D)sensation.

Accepted Answer

Sensation refers to the initial registration of sensory information through our sensory organs (eyes, ears, nose, skin, taste buds) in response to external stimuli. It is the first step in our perception of the world around us. The other options - priming, perception, and synesthesia - relate to different aspects of our sensory experience and are not the same as sensation.

Question 15

After a small section of his basilar membrane was damaged,Joseph experienced a noticeable loss of hearing for high-pitched sounds only.Joseph's hearing loss is best explained by the impairment of the base of the membrane involved in the _____ mechanism of the ear to encode sound-wave frequencies.
A)place code
B)opponent
C)temporal
D)modular

Accepted Answer

The place code mechanism of the ear encodes sound-wave frequencies by activating different parts of the basilar membrane depending on the frequency of the sound. In Joseph's case, the loss of high-pitched sounds suggests that the damaged section is involved in encoding those frequencies in the place code mechanism.

Quiz 4: Sensation and Perception-Part E

The optic nerve leaves the eye through a hole in the:

Due to the partial crossing of visual information at the _,information from the _ visual field projects to the brain's right hemisphere.

Visual form agnosia is MOST associated with impaired functioning in the:

A participant is shown two flash cards,one with a black-colored 8 and the other with a gold-colored 6.When asked to describe what she saw,she responds that she saw a gold-colored 8 and a black-colored 6,illustrating _ primarily caused by _.

Days after breaking his nose in a football game,Ben still perceived a dull pain in his nose.Which pain-sensory neurons are responsible for this sensation?

The local fire department sounds the 12 o'clock siren.The process by which your ears convert the sound waves from the siren into neural impulses is called:

Which structure(s) is/are contained in the middle ear?

Which structures become active under low-light conditions for night vision?

Brightness is to amplitude as hue is to:

In landscape paintings,artists often paint distant objects,such as trees,closer to the top edge of the canvas than nearby objects,such as flowers.This is an example of the use of the monocular depth cue known as:

_____ would play a role in quickly alerting you to a gas leak in your house.

According to _-based theories of object recognition,your brain compares perceived retinal images with _ to make identifications.

The registration of light,sound,pressure,odor,or taste as your body interacts with the physical world is called:

After a small section of his basilar membrane was damaged,Joseph experienced a noticeable loss of hearing for high-pitched sounds only.Joseph's hearing loss is best explained by the impairment of the base of the membrane involved in the _____ mechanism of the ear to encode sound-wave frequencies.