Question 1

Frank now uses his first pronouns, phrases, and sentences. If he is like most children in terms of language development, he is approximately:
A)9 months old.
B)15 months old.
C)24 months old.
D)18 months old.

Accepted Answer

Pronoun use typically emerges around 18-24 months of age, with most children using "I" and "me" by age 2. Additionally, the use of phrases and simple sentences often begins around the same time. Therefore, it is most likely that Frank is around 24 months old if he is using first person pronouns, phrases, and sentences.

Question 2

According to the "Can a DVD Program Your Baby to be a Genius?" Science Versus Pseudoscience box, the BEST predictor of infant language is:
A)the infant's IQ.
B)the parent's IQ.
C)amount of hours spent watching educational DVD programs designed to teach language.
D)the amount of time parents spend reading to their kids.

Accepted Answer

The best predictor of infant language is the amount of time parents spend reading to their kids, as studies have shown a strong correlation between early exposure to reading and language development. Infant IQ and parental IQ are not reliable predictors, and there is limited evidence to support the effectiveness of educational DVD programs in teaching language.

Question 3

During a seminar discussion, Maxwell said he believed men are more rational, logical, and aggressive than women, and that women are more nurturing, caring, and emotional than men. Maxwell's views of male and female differences illustrate:
A)gender-role stereotypes.
B)gender-identity schemas.
C)sexual orientation stereotypes.
D)gender-deficiency schemas.

Accepted Answer

Maxwell's views demonstrate gender-role stereotypes, which are rigid and oversimplified beliefs about the typical characteristics and behavior of men and women. These stereotypes are often inaccurate and can lead to discrimination and unequal treatment based on gender.

Question 4

According to the "Can a DVD Program Your Baby to be a Genius?" Science Versus Pseudoscience box, which of the following will result in babies learning the most words?
A)watching a DVD meant to teach them words while alone
B)watching a DVD meant to teach them words with a parent
C)being taught by a parent without the DVD
D)neither watching the DVD nor being taught by a parent

Accepted Answer

The article states that "Human interaction is still by far the best way for babies to learn." Therefore, being taught by a parent without the DVD would result in babies learning the most words.

Question 5

Jonathan is a normal toddler who has just celebrated his second birthday. Jonathan's parents can reasonably expect that he will shortly enter which stage of language development?
A)the one-word stage
B)the two-word stage
C)the complex sentence stage
D)the cooing and babbling stage

Accepted Answer

At two years old, Jonathan is likely entering the two-word stage of language development, where he begins to combine words into simple phrases. The one-word stage typically occurs around 12 months of age, the complex sentence stage around 4-5 years of age, and the cooing and babbling stage occurs in the first few months of life.

Question 6

An infant's _____ vocabulary develops faster than his or her _____ vocabulary.
A)production; comprehension
B)comprehension; production
C)preoperational; postoperational
D)expressive; descriptive

Accepted Answer

Infants typically begin to understand and comprehend words before they are able to produce and use them themselves, therefore their comprehension vocabulary develops faster than their production vocabulary.

Question 7

Pat describes Terry as "very masculine" because Terry is confident, active, and physically strong. Pat is referring to Terry's:
A)sex.
B)gender role.
C)sexual orientation.
D)gender schema.

Accepted Answer

Pat is referring to Terry's adherence to traditional gender roles that associate masculinity with confidence, physical strength, and an active demeanor. This indicates that Pat is evaluating Terry's behavior and attributes based on socially constructed norms and expectations that define what it means to be a man in their culture. The other options (A, C, and D) are not relevant to this scenario as they do not capture the specific aspect of Terry's behavior that Pat is commenting on.

Question 8

Tracy is very fit and energetic. She goes to aerobic classes four times a week, and she is considered by many to be very feminine, especially by her same-sex partner. Tracy's sense of femininity is her _____, and her attraction to a member of the same sex is her _____.
A)gender; gender role
B)gender identity; sexual orientation
C)sex; gender identity
D)sexual orientation; gender identity

Accepted Answer

Gender identity refers to one's personal sense of their gender (in this case, Tracy identifies as female/feminine), while sexual orientation refers to the gender(s) an individual is attracted to (in this case, Tracy is attracted to other women). A is incorrect because gender and gender role are interchangeable, and Tracy's fitness routine does not necessarily relate to her gender. C is incorrect because sex refers to biological differences (e.g., male vs. female anatomy), which is not relevant in this scenario. D is incorrect because the order of terms is reversed (gender identity typically precedes sexual orientation when discussing LGBTQ+ identity).

Question 9

_____ refer to the beliefs and expectations that people hold about the typical characteristics, preferences, and behaviors of men and women.
A)Personality traits
B)Sexual orientations
C)Gender-role stereotypes
D)Gender identity schemas

Accepted Answer

Gender-role stereotypes are the beliefs and expectations that people hold about the typical characteristics, preferences, and behaviors of men and women. Personality traits are characteristics that are unique to individuals, sexual orientations refer to a person's romantic and/or sexual attraction to others, and gender identity schemas are the cognitive frameworks that individuals use to understand their own gender identity.

Question 10

_____ refers to the cultural, social, and psychological meanings that are associated with masculinity or femininity.
A)Sex
B)Sexual orientation
C)Gender
D)Gender identity

Accepted Answer

Gender refers to the cultural, social, and psychological meanings that are associated with masculinity or femininity. Sex refers to biological differences between males and females, while sexual orientation refers to a person's emotional and sexual attraction to same-sex or opposite-sex partners. Gender identity refers to a person's internal sense of being male, female, or something else.

Question 11

Matt is awaiting his baby's first words. Matt can expect his baby to say his first word when the baby is _____ months old.
A)2
B)6
C)3
D)12

Accepted Answer

Babies typically say their first words around 12 months old, although this can vary widely among individuals.

Question 12

Videos developed for infants and toddlers have claimed that they promote brain development. However, a study by Zimmerman and colleagues showed that viewing baby media was _____ with vocabulary growth in infants.
A)not correlated
B)positively correlated
C)negatively correlated
D)quasi-correlated

Accepted Answer

The word "negatively" indicates an inverse correlation between viewing baby media and vocabulary growth in infants. Therefore, the best choice is C which states that viewing baby media was negatively correlated with vocabulary growth in infants.

Question 13

Trina is 7 months old. If she is like most children in terms of language production, she will:
A)have already said her first real word.
B)be capable of using two words in combination.
C)be able to use two syllables with repetition of the first, such as "ma-ma" or "da-da."
D)be capable of speaking fluent motherese.

Accepted Answer

At 7 months old, most children are able to use two syllables with repetition of the first, such as "ma-ma" or "da-da." It is not typical for a child to have already said their first real word or to be capable of using two words in combination at this age. Fluent motherese is not a developmental milestone in language production.

Question 14

In an experiment described in the "Can a DVD Program Your Baby to Be a Genius?" Science Versus Pseudoscience box, which was the control condition?
A)Children were not exposed to the video, and parents were not instructed to try to teach them the words.
B)Children were not exposed to the video, and parents were instructed to try to teach them some words featured in the video.
C)Children watched the video by themselves at least 5 times a week over a 4-week period.
D)Children watched the video with a parent at least 5 times a week over a 4-week period.

Accepted Answer

The control condition is the group in which no manipulation is done. In this experiment, the control condition is the group in which children were not exposed to the video and parents were not instructed to try to teach them the words. This group serves as a baseline to which the experimental groups can be compared.

Question 15

Up until they are about 10 months of age, infants can distinguish among speech sounds:
A)from any spoken language, whether they have been exposed to it or not.
B)only from languages to which they have been exposed.
C)only from those languages that do not use infant-directed speech to communicate.
D)from any spoken language that has simple rather than complex grammatical rules as long as there has been some minimal level of exposure to that language.

Accepted Answer

Infants have the ability to distinguish among speech sounds from any spoken language, regardless of their exposure to it, until about the age of 10 months. This capability diminishes as they grow older and begin to specialize in the phonetic sounds of the language(s) they are exposed to regularly.

Question 16

The term gender is formally defined as:
A)being a man or a woman.
B)the behavioral manifestations of the sexual urge.
C)the cultural, social, and psychological meanings that are associated with masculinity or femininity.
D)the biological category of male or female as defined by physical differences in genetic composition and in reproductive anatomy and function.

Accepted Answer

The definition of gender includes the cultural, social, and psychological meanings associated with masculinity or femininity. It is not just limited to the biological category of male or female.

Question 17

According to the terminology discussed in the chapter, a person's psychological sense of being either male or female is called:
A)gender role.
B)sex.
C)sexual orientation.
D)gender identity.

Accepted Answer

Gender identity refers to a person's internal sense of self as male or female. It is different from biological sex (B), which refers to physical and physiological characteristics such as reproductive organs and hormones. Gender roles (A) refer to the societal expectations and norms for behavior and attitudes based on one's gender, while sexual orientation (C) refers to a person's romantic and/or sexual attraction to others.

Question 18

The behaviors, attitudes, and personality traits that are designated as being either masculine or feminine in a given culture:
A)are called gender roles.
B)are genetically determined and do not vary across cultures.
C)determine whether a person's emotional and erotic attraction is directed toward members of the opposite sex, same sex, or both.
D)have a great deal of variability within a specific culture but show little or no variation across different cultures.

Accepted Answer

The behaviors, attitudes, and personality traits that are designated as being either masculine or feminine in a given culture are referred to as gender roles. Gender roles are social and cultural constructs that vary across cultures and time periods. They define what is considered appropriate behavior or characteristics for individuals based on their gender.

Question 19

When Diana talks to her baby, she uses simple words and short sentences, a high-pitched voice, and exaggerated intonation and expression. Diana is using a form of speech that is formally called:
A)telegraphic speech.
B)infant-directed speech.
C)cooing and babbling.
D)the one-word stage.

Accepted Answer

Diana is using infant-directed speech, also known as baby talk or motherese, which is a form of communication that adults use when talking to babies and young children. It is characterized by features such as simplified grammar and vocabulary, a high-pitched voice, exaggerated intonation and expression, repetition, and slow tempo. This type of speech is believed to be beneficial for infant language development as it helps to capture and maintain their attention, provide clear language input, and encourage social interaction.

Question 20

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of development of language production from birth to about age 2?
A)cooing, babbling, one-word stage, two-word stage
B)babbling, cooing, two-word stage, four-word stage
C)production, comprehension, one-word stage
D)consonants, vowels, babbling, two-word stage

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence of development of language production from birth to about age 2 is cooing (0-6 months), babbling (6-10 months), one-word stage (10-14 months), and two-word stage (18-24 months). Therefore, option A represents the correct sequence.

Quiz 9: Section 2: Lifespan Development

Frank now uses his first pronouns, phrases, and sentences. If he is like most children in terms of language development, he is approximately:

According to the "Can a DVD Program Your Baby to be a Genius?" Science Versus Pseudoscience box, the BEST predictor of infant language is:

During a seminar discussion, Maxwell said he believed men are more rational, logical, and aggressive than women, and that women are more nurturing, caring, and emotional than men. Maxwell's views of male and female differences illustrate:

According to the "Can a DVD Program Your Baby to be a Genius?" Science Versus Pseudoscience box, which of the following will result in babies learning the most words?

Jonathan is a normal toddler who has just celebrated his second birthday. Jonathan's parents can reasonably expect that he will shortly enter which stage of language development?

An infant's _ vocabulary develops faster than his or her _ vocabulary.

Pat describes Terry as "very masculine" because Terry is confident, active, and physically strong. Pat is referring to Terry's:

Tracy is very fit and energetic. She goes to aerobic classes four times a week, and she is considered by many to be very feminine, especially by her same-sex partner. Tracy's sense of femininity is her _, and her attraction to a member of the same sex is her _.

_____ refer to the beliefs and expectations that people hold about the typical characteristics, preferences, and behaviors of men and women.

_____ refers to the cultural, social, and psychological meanings that are associated with masculinity or femininity.

Matt is awaiting his baby's first words. Matt can expect his baby to say his first word when the baby is _____ months old.

Videos developed for infants and toddlers have claimed that they promote brain development. However, a study by Zimmerman and colleagues showed that viewing baby media was _____ with vocabulary growth in infants.

Trina is 7 months old. If she is like most children in terms of language production, she will:

In an experiment described in the "Can a DVD Program Your Baby to Be a Genius?" Science Versus Pseudoscience box, which was the control condition?

Up until they are about 10 months of age, infants can distinguish among speech sounds:

The term gender is formally defined as:

According to the terminology discussed in the chapter, a person's psychological sense of being either male or female is called:

The behaviors, attitudes, and personality traits that are designated as being either masculine or feminine in a given culture:

When Diana talks to her baby, she uses simple words and short sentences, a high-pitched voice, and exaggerated intonation and expression. Diana is using a form of speech that is formally called:

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of development of language production from birth to about age 2?