Question 1

Studies that compared attachment in infants who attended child care with attachment in infants who were cared for by a parent at home showed that:
A)most of the infants in both groups were securely attached.
B)most of the infants in child care were insecurely attached.
C)the proportion of infants in child care who were insecurely attached was four times that of infants who were cared for by a parent at home.
D)infants in day care were securely attached to their caregivers at the child-care facility but were insecurely attached to their parents.

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently found that the majority of infants in both child-care and parent-at-home groups are securely attached to their caregivers. In other words, the type of care (child-care vs. parent-at-home) does not seem to be a significant factor in determining attachment security. Other factors, such as the quality of caregiving, may be more important.

Question 2

Men experience a gradual decline in testosterone levels, sometimes called _____, which can cause changes in physical and psychological health.
A)menarche
B)menopause
C)andropause
D)postmenopausal zest

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe the gradual decline in testosterone levels in men is called andropause. This can cause various physical and psychological changes, such as decreased muscle mass, decreased bone density, and changes in mood and energy levels. Menarche and menopause are terms used to describe female reproductive events, and postmenopausal zest is not a recognized term in the medical community.

Question 3

Research indicates that the MOST important factor in determining whether child care will have negative effects on children in later life is:
A)the age at which the child entered child care.
B)the number of hours of child care experienced per week.
C)the quality of the child care experienced.
D)whether care was in a child-care center or in a private home.

Accepted Answer

Research consistently shows that the quality of child care is the most important factor influencing a child's well-being and development. High-quality child care can support child development in areas such as cognitive, language, social, and emotional development. In contrast, poor-quality child care can lead to negative outcomes such as behavioral problems, poor social skills, and decreased academic achievement, even into adulthood. The age at which the child began child care and the number of hours per week also have some influence, but the quality of care is the most significant factor. The type of care setting (child-care center or private home) is less important than the quality of care provided within that setting.

Question 4

Bob and Connie have raised three children. The youngest has just graduated from college, and is about to leave home to take a job in another city. Over the next few years, Bob and Connie can expect to experience:
A)the dissatisfaction, loneliness, and boredom that accompanies the "empty nest" syndrome.
B)a sharp decrease in marital satisfaction.
C)a steady increase in marital satisfaction.
D)no noticeable change in their marital relationship or level of marital satisfaction.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that many couples experience a steady increase in marital satisfaction after their children leave home, as they have more time to focus on their relationship and shared interests.

Question 5

For some women, _____ involves hot flashes, disturbances in sex drive and sleep, and emotional instability.
A)menarche
B)menopause
C)andropause
D)postmenopausal zest

Accepted Answer

Menopause is the stage in a woman's life when her menstrual period stops permanently. This stage is often associated with symptoms such as hot flashes, disturbances in sex drive and sleep, and emotional instability. Menarche refers to a girl's first menstrual cycle, and andropause is a term used to describe a decline in testosterone levels in aging men. "Postmenopausal zest" is not a recognized medical term.

Question 6

Which of the following mental abilities remains stable up to age 90?
A)memory
B)perceptual speed
C)fluency
D)vocabulary knowledge

Accepted Answer

Vocabulary knowledge is the mental ability that remains stable up to age 90. Studies have shown that vocabulary knowledge does not decline with age and may even improve with experience and education. Memory, perceptual speed, and fluency are cognitive abilities that may decline with age.

Question 7

By "ego integrity" Erik Erikson meant:
A)maintaining continuity in one's activity level throughout the lifespan.
B)expressing unselfish concern for the welfare of the next generation.
C)maintaining a sense of connectedness and intimacy with others throughout the lifespan.
D)the feeling that one's life has been meaningful.

Accepted Answer

Ego integrity refers to a sense of satisfaction with the way one has lived their life and a belief that their life has been meaningful and worth living. It is the final stage of Erikson's eight stages of psychosocial development, which occurs in late adulthood. Maintaining continuity in activity level (A), expressing unselfish concern for the welfare of the next generation (B), and maintaining a sense of connectedness with others (C) are all important, but they are not the primary focus of ego integrity.

Question 8

Many women experience _____, which is defined as a renewed sense of energy, freedom, and happiness, once they no longer have to worry about becoming pregnant.
A)menarche
B)menopause
C)andropause
D)postmenopausal zest

Accepted Answer

The term "postmenopausal zest" accurately describes the phenomenon described in the statement. Menarche refers to a girl's first menstruation, while menopause refers to the end of menstruation. Andropause is the male equivalent of menopause.

Question 9

Hall has always enjoyed quiet, solitary pursuits, such as gardening and reading. Now that she is almost 80, the activity theory of aging would predict that her life satisfaction will be highest if she:
A)disengages from those activities.
B)joins several senior citizen groups, travels, and takes up new hobbies that force her to interact with other people.
C)continues to pursue the activities that she has always enjoyed.
D)enters a nursing home.

Accepted Answer

According to the activity theory of aging, individuals who remain active and engaged in their preferred activities as they age are more likely to experience high life satisfaction. Therefore, it would be best for Hall to continue pursuing the activities she has always enjoyed. Disengagement (A) and entering a nursing home (D) would likely lead to a decrease in life satisfaction. While joining new groups and taking up new hobbies (B) could be beneficial for some individuals, it is not necessarily a requirement for maintaining high life satisfaction according to the activity theory.

Question 10

According to Erik Erikson, the psychosocial conflict faced in old age is:
A)autonomy versus doubt.
B)intimacy versus isolation.
C)ego integrity versus despair.
D)generativity versus stagnation.

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson proposed that the psychosocial conflict faced in old age is ego integrity versus despair. This stage involves reflecting on one's life and evaluating whether one's accomplishments and experiences bring a sense of fulfillment and meaning or a sense of regret and despair. Autonomy versus doubt is the psychosocial conflict faced in early childhood, intimacy versus isolation is faced in early adulthood, and generativity versus stagnation is faced in middle adulthood.

Question 11

The average age range for menopause to occur is:
A)early thirties to late thirties.
B)age 35 to 40.
C)age 50 to early sixties.
D)late thirties to early fifties.

Accepted Answer

Menopause typically occurs between the late thirties and early fifties, with the average age being around 51.

Question 12

In late adulthood, neurons appear to become _____ at communicating with one another and this seems to result in _____ cognitive performance.
A)less efficient; slowed
B)more efficient; speeded-up
C)less efficient; speeded-up
D)more efficient; slowed

Accepted Answer

In late adulthood, neurons become less efficient at communicating with one another due to the reduction in neural density and myelination. This results in slowed cognitive performance.

Question 13

Research on the concept of a "midlife crisis" indicates that:
A)it is especially common in men.
B)there is no such thing as a midlife crisis.
C)it primarily occurs in women over the age of 60.
D)most Americans experience a crisis during the transition to middle adulthood.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the concept of a "midlife crisis" is more of a myth than a universal experience. While some individuals may experience stress or challenges during middle adulthood, the idea that most people go through a significant crisis during this time is not supported by empirical evidence.

Question 14

According to the activity theory of aging:
A)as people move from middle adulthood to older adulthood they should greatly increase their level of activity.
B)older adults should gradually disengage from their social, vocational, and relationship roles and decrease their overall level of activity.
C)older adults should postpone retirement for as long as possible in order to maintain their physical health.
D)older adults will achieve the highest level of life satisfaction if they maintain their previous level of activity.

Accepted Answer

The activity theory of aging suggests that older adults will achieve the highest level of life satisfaction if they maintain or replace their previous level of activity, including social, vocational, and relationship roles.

Question 15

Dina and Mark have been married for three years and are expecting their first child. If their relationship follows the most common pattern they can expect that their satisfaction with their marital relationship to _____ after the baby is born.
A)increase gradually and then plateau
B)stay the same
C)decrease
D)increase sharply

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that marital satisfaction tends to decrease after the birth of a child, particularly during the first year. This can be due to increased stress, lack of sleep, and changes in roles and responsibilities within the relationship. While satisfaction may eventually increase, it is not the most common pattern immediately following the birth of a child.

Question 16

Dillon had been a teacher in the local public school system for more than 40 years. Now retired, she finds herself wondering why she ever took up teaching, and thinking about how she wasted the best years of her life trying to teach ungrateful and lazy students. She wishes that she had chosen another profession when she was younger. According to Erikson's theory, Mrs. Dillon is probably experiencing:
A)role confusion.
B)despair.
C)isolation.
D)moratorium.

Accepted Answer

Mrs. Dillon's feelings of regret and disappointment suggest she is experiencing despair in accordance with Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. This stage occurs in late adulthood and is characterized by reflecting on one's life and feeling either a sense of fulfillment or failure. Mrs. Dillon's sentiment of wasted time and unappreciative students suggests she is struggling with a sense of regret and despair.

Question 17

Research shows that among healthy older adults, the LARGEST declines in mental abilities are experienced by those who:
A)are well-educated.
B)live unstimulating lives.
C)engage in many physical and mental activities.
D)who are living in a senior housing complex or nursing home.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that living an unstimulating life without many activities can lead to the largest declines in mental abilities among healthy older adults. Education level and living situation may have an impact, but research has consistently found that staying mentally and physically active is crucial for maintaining cognitive function in old age.

Question 18

In contrast to common stereotypes, during their last year of life, most older adults:
A)experience poor health, mental confusion, and are cared for in a nursing home.
B)are in relatively good health, self-sufficient, and active.
C)are impoverished and dependent upon others for support.
D)are completely disabled.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the majority of older adults who are at the end of their lives are in relatively good health, self-sufficient, and active. Many of them continue to be engaged in their communities, involved with family and friends, and pursuing their interests and hobbies. It is important to recognize that each person's experience is unique, and some individuals may face greater health challenges or rely more heavily on support from others. However, overall, the stereotype of all older adults in their last year of life being frail and disabled is not accurate for the majority of the population.

Question 19

The end of menstruation in women, marking the end of reproductive capacity, is called:
A)menopause.
B)conservation.
C)menarche.
D)irreversibility.

Accepted Answer

Menopause marks the end of reproductive capacity in women and is typically characterized by the cessation of menstruation. Choices B, C, and D are not related to this process.

Question 20

Lester and Mr. Vann are next-door neighbors. Mr. Lester and Mr. Vann each live alone, and both are 75. They are in good physical health. Mr. Lester spends most of his time watching television and rarely leaves his house. Mr. Vann reads many books and magazines, walks every day, works as a volunteer at the local library, and frequently plays penny poker with some friends. Based on this information, you can predict that:
A)Mr. Lester and Mr. Vann are likely to experience the same level of decline in mental abilities, since both are the same age.
B)Mr. Lester is likely to experience less of a decline in mental abilities than Mr. Vann, because Mr. Lester conserves his strength and is less likely to get sick.
C)Mr. Vann is less likely to experience a decline in mental abilities than Mr. Lester because he remains mentally and physically active.
D)Mr. Vann's multiple roles may increase the level of stress that he experiences.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that remaining mentally and physically active can help to maintain cognitive abilities in older adults, so Mr. Vann's activity level may help him to avoid some cognitive decline. Mr. Lester's lack of activity and intellectual stimulation may make him more vulnerable to cognitive declines. Age alone is not the only predictor of cognitive decline. Multiple roles can increase stress, but there is no indication that this is affecting Mr. Vann in this case.

Quiz 9: Section 2: Lifespan Development

Studies that compared attachment in infants who attended child care with attachment in infants who were cared for by a parent at home showed that:

Men experience a gradual decline in testosterone levels, sometimes called _____, which can cause changes in physical and psychological health.

Research indicates that the MOST important factor in determining whether child care will have negative effects on children in later life is:

Bob and Connie have raised three children. The youngest has just graduated from college, and is about to leave home to take a job in another city. Over the next few years, Bob and Connie can expect to experience:

For some women, _____ involves hot flashes, disturbances in sex drive and sleep, and emotional instability.

Which of the following mental abilities remains stable up to age 90?

By "ego integrity" Erik Erikson meant:

Many women experience _____, which is defined as a renewed sense of energy, freedom, and happiness, once they no longer have to worry about becoming pregnant.

Hall has always enjoyed quiet, solitary pursuits, such as gardening and reading. Now that she is almost 80, the activity theory of aging would predict that her life satisfaction will be highest if she:

According to Erik Erikson, the psychosocial conflict faced in old age is:

The average age range for menopause to occur is:

In late adulthood, neurons appear to become _ at communicating with one another and this seems to result in _ cognitive performance.

Research on the concept of a "midlife crisis" indicates that:

According to the activity theory of aging:

Dina and Mark have been married for three years and are expecting their first child. If their relationship follows the most common pattern they can expect that their satisfaction with their marital relationship to _____ after the baby is born.

Research shows that among healthy older adults, the LARGEST declines in mental abilities are experienced by those who:

In contrast to common stereotypes, during their last year of life, most older adults:

The end of menstruation in women, marking the end of reproductive capacity, is called: