Question 1

The first major school of thought in psychology was called structuralism.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Structuralism was the first major school of thought in psychology, which arose in the late 1800s and early 1900s.

Question 2

Physiology is the idea that mind and body are separate entities.

Accepted Answer

Physiology is actually the study of how the parts of living organisms function, which includes the ways in which the mind and body are interconnected and work together. It does not support the idea of mind-body dualism or the notion that the mind and body are entirely separate entities.

Question 3

Wilhelm Wundt defined psychology as the study of consciousness and emphasized the use of experimental methods to study and measure consciousness.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately reflects Wilhelm Wundt's definition and emphasis on experimental methods in psychology.

Question 4

William James played a key role in establishing psychology in the United States.

Accepted Answer

William James is often referred to as the "father of American psychology" and played a significant role in establishing psychology as an independent discipline in the United States. He authored the influential textbook "Principles of Psychology" and was a founding member of the American Psychological Association.

Question 5

Charles Darwin was the author of the landmark book on evolution entitled On the Origin of Species.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, which proposed the theory of evolution through natural selection.

Question 6

For centuries, philosophers debated which was more important: the inborn nature of an individual or the environmental influences that nurture the individual.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Philosophers have indeed debated the relative importance of nature versus nurture for centuries.

Question 7

The school of thought in psychology called structuralism held that even our most complex conscious experiences could be broken down into elemental structures, or component parts, of sensations and feelings.

Accepted Answer

Structuralism was a school of thought in psychology that emphasized on the analysis of the structure of the mind and conscious experience into its basic elements or components, such as sensations, feelings, and perceptions. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 8

Williams James's book titled Principles of Psychology provided the basis for the development of a new school of psychology called behaviorism.

Accepted Answer

Williams James's book Principles of Psychology had a significant impact on the development of psychology, but it did not provide the basis for behaviorism. The foundation of behaviorism is attributed to John B. Watson and his famous article "Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It," which was published in 1913, several years after Principles of Psychology was published (in 1890). Therefore, the correct answer is B, False.

Question 9

Wilhelm Wundt wrote a landmark textbook titled Principles of Physiological Psychology in the 1870s and promoted his belief that psychology should be established as a separate scientific discipline.

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt is credited with developing psychology as a separate scientific discipline and his textbook Principles of Physiological Psychology, published in the 1870s, was a seminal work in the field.

Question 10

René Descartes promoted a doctrine called interactive monism, an idea that the mind and the body are one entity that produces sensations, emotions, and other conscious experiences.

Accepted Answer

René Descartes promoted dualism, the idea that the mind and the body are separate entities. Interactive monism is not a doctrine he promoted.

Question 11

Today psychology is formally defined as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Accepted Answer

This is the current and widely accepted definition of psychology.

Question 12

Physiology is a branch of biology that studies the functions and parts of living organisms, including humans.

Accepted Answer

Physiology is indeed a branch of biology that deals with the study of functions and parts of living organisms, including humans.

Question 13

Charles Darwin's book On the Origin of Species had a profound effect on William James and influenced his ideas about the importance of adaptation to environmental changes.

Accepted Answer

This is true. William James was greatly influenced by Darwin's ideas about evolution and adaptation. In his work, James emphasized the importance of adaptation to changing environments in both animals and humans.

Question 14

Many of the issues that are central to contemporary psychology have been debated for hundreds of years.

Accepted Answer

Many of the core issues in psychology, such as the nature vs nurture debate or the mind-body problem, have been explored by philosophers and scholars for centuries, indicating that the discipline has a long and ongoing history of debate and discussion.

Question 15

More than 2,000 years ago the Greek philosopher Aristotle wrote extensively about psychological topics such as sleep, dreams, the senses, and memory.

Accepted Answer

Aristotle did indeed write extensively about psychological topics, including those mentioned in the statement.

Question 16

Introspection was not a good method for psychologists to utilize because this method could not be used to study a variety of complex topics, such as learning, development, mental disorders, and personality.

Accepted Answer

Introspection is a limited method that relies on individuals' self-reporting of their internal mental processes and experiences. It is difficult to use this method to study complex topics such as learning, development, mental disorders, and personality because it is subjective and lacks external validity.

Question 17

William James developed the technique called introspection as a way for people to tap into their unconscious.

Accepted Answer

Introspection was primarily developed by Wilhelm Wundt, not William James, and it focuses on examining one's own conscious thoughts and feelings rather than tapping into the unconscious.

Question 18

The four basic goals of psychology are to (1) describe, (2) explain, (3) predict, and (4) control or influence behavior and mental processes.

Accepted Answer

These are the four basic goals of psychology accepted by most psychologists.

Question 19

The established science MOST responsible for the emergence of psychology as a scientific discipline was physiology.

Accepted Answer

Physiology played a major role in the emergence of psychology as a scientific discipline by providing a scientific basis and methodology for studying behavior and mental processes. Early psychologists such as Wilhelm Wundt and William James were originally trained in physiology and applied the scientific methods of this field to the study of psychology.

Question 20

The event that marked the formal beginning of psychology as a separate experimental science occurred when William James taught the first course in psychology at Harvard University in the early 1870s.

Accepted Answer

The formal beginning of psychology as a separate experimental science is often marked by the establishment of the first experimental psychology lab by Wilhelm Wundt in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879.

Quiz 1: Section 3: Introduction and Research Methods