Question 1

A "cat" can be defined as a furry little animal that goes "meow," while the word "cats" indicates that there is more than one of these little animals.Thus,while "cat" indicates one meaningful unit,"cats" would constitute two
A)phonemes.
B)morphemes.
C)transformations.
D)syntactical units.

Accepted Answer

The distinction between "cat" and "cats" is a difference in the number of morphemes, not phonemes, transformations, or syntactical units. "Cat" is one morpheme, while "cats" is two (cat+s). Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning in language.

Question 2

A child who constructs the sentence,"The dog walks the lady" is
A)confusing denotative and connotative meaning.
B)violating rules for converting phonemes into morphemes.
C)ignoring syntax.
D)mastering language through imitation.

Accepted Answer

The sentence "The dog walks the lady" violates basic syntactic rules, as the verb "walk" is intransitive and requires a preposition to show the relationship between the walker and the destination. A more appropriate sentence would be "The dog walks with the lady."

Question 3

The smallest meaningful units of speech,such as syllables or words,are called
A)morphemes.
B)phonemes.
C)pheromones.
D)concepts.

Accepted Answer

Morphemes are the smallest units of language that carry meaning. They can be whole words or parts of words, such as prefixes or suffixes.

Question 4

Which of the following focused on the unspoken rules we use to change core ideas into various sentences,rather than the "surface language" of traditional grammar?
A)David Wechsler
B)Noam Chomsky
C)Robert Sternberg
D)Howard Gardner

Accepted Answer

Noam Chomsky is known for his work on transformational-generative grammar, which focuses on the rules used to convert core ideas into sentences, rather than just the surface-level structure of sentences as traditionally studied in grammar.

Question 5

Little Mickey says,"Wook at the wabbit." Mickey is having trouble with the "l" and "r" speech sounds,which would be classified as a _______ problem.
A)phoneme
B)morpheme
C)syntax
D)transformational

Accepted Answer

Little Mickey's difficulty with the "l" and "r" speech sounds is a phoneme problem, as phonemes are the smallest units of sound in language.

Question 6

Rearranging words almost always changes the meaning of a sentence,which illustrates the importance of
A)syntax.
B)graphology.
C)phonology.
D)disjunctive concepts.

Accepted Answer

Syntax refers to the rules that govern how words are combined to form phrases and sentences. The rearrangement of words can result in a change in the overall structure and meaning of the sentence, emphasizing the importance of syntax in conveying clear and effective communication. Graphology and phonology, on the other hand, refer to the study of handwriting and sounds, respectively, which are not directly related to the rearrangement of words in a sentence. Disjunctive concepts are not relevant to this question.

Question 7

Santos is learning the rules for ordering words in the formation of sentences.Santos is studying
A)structural semantics.
B)pragmatics.
C)syntax.
D)phonology.

Accepted Answer

Syntax refers to the rules and principles for constructing sentences in a particular language. It governs word order, sentence structure, and the relationships between words and phrases. Santos is learning how to put words in the right order to form grammatically correct sentences, which falls under the domain of syntax.

Question 8

Traditional grammar is concerned with the sentences we actually speak,which is referred to as
A)"surface" language.
B)denotative meanings.
C)connotative meanings.
D)semantic morphemes.

Accepted Answer

Traditional grammar focuses on the surface structure of language, which refers to the actual words and structure used in spoken and written communication. This is in contrast to deeper levels of language such as connotative meanings and semantic morphemes.

Question 9

Chomsky believes that we do not learn all the sentences we might ever say,but rather we actively create them by applying _______ rules.
A)functional
B)transformation
C)disjunctive
D)generative

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chomsky believes that we do not learn...

Question 10

The sentence "A man opened the store for business" and the sentence "The store was opened for business by a man" are related by
A)the semantic differential.
B)irregular usage of syntax.
C)heuristics.
D)transformation rules.

Accepted Answer

The two sentences are related by transformation rules, specifically passive transformation. The first sentence is in the active voice while the second sentence is in the passive voice. The subject "man" in the first sentence becomes the object "by a man" in the second sentence, and the object "store" in the first sentence becomes the subject "store" in the second sentence. This transformation is a rule in English grammar.

Question 11

In the English language,an adjective will normally precede the noun,but in Spanish the opposite is true.This difference in placement of the adjective illustrates that the two languages have different rules of
A)grammar.
B)phonology.
C)morphology.
D)semantics.

Accepted Answer

The placement of adjectives is a grammatical rule, which refers to the structure and form of a language. Phonology pertains to the sounds and pronunciation of words, morphology refers to the structure of words and their formation, and semantics deals with the meaning and interpretation of words and sentences, none of which are affected by the placement of adjectives.

Question 12

The complete set of rules for a language that determines how to make sounds into words and words into sentences is called
A)syntax.
B)grammar.
C)the encoding system.
D)the semantic differential.

Accepted Answer

Grammar is the complete set of rules for a language that determines how to make sounds into words and words into sentences. Syntax is a part of grammar that specifically deals with the arrangement of words in sentences. The encoding system refers to the process of converting information from one format to another, and the semantic differential is a tool used in psychology to measure the meanings of words or concepts.

Question 13

The fact that the sentence,"Samantha kissed Trevor," has a very different meaning from "Trevor kissed Samantha," demonstrates the importance of
A)morphemes.
B)phonemes.
C)syntax.
D)conditional relationships.

Accepted Answer

The different meanings conveyed by the two sentences highlights the significance of syntax, i.e., the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. The order in which the subject and object appear in a sentence changes their roles and the meaning of the sentence.

Question 14

The fact that "dog bites man" has a very different meaning from "man bites dog" demonstrates the importance of
A)connotation.
B)syntax.
C)conditional relationships.
D)linguistic determinism.

Accepted Answer

Syntax refers to the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. In this case, the order of the words completely changes the meaning of the phrase. This demonstrates the importance of syntax in conveying meaning. The other options are not relevant in this scenario.

Question 15

The part of grammar that involves the rules for word order is referred to as
A)semantics.
B)pragmatics.
C)syntax.
D)phonology.

Accepted Answer

Syntax refers to the rules for word order in a sentence. Semantics is the study of meaning in language, pragmatics refers to the use of language in context, and phonology is the study of sound patterns in language.

Question 16

A young child tells his grandmother that "he goed to town." The child's application of the normal past tense to the irregular verb "to go" illustrates that the child is attempting to use
A)transformation rules.
B)the semantic differential.
C)disjunctive concepts.
D)a morpheme shift.

Accepted Answer

The child's use of "goed" instead of "went" shows that he is applying the transformation rule for forming past tense verbs, which is to add -ed at the end. However, in the case of "go," the past tense form is irregular and does not follow this rule.

Question 17

The prefix "Anti" is an example of
A)a phoneme.
B)syntax.
C)a transformation.
D)a morpheme.

Accepted Answer

The prefix "Anti-" is a meaningful unit of language that cannot be broken down into smaller units with a distinct meaning, making it a morpheme.

Question 18

Rules by which a simple declarative sentence may be changed to other voices or forms,such as past tense or a passive voice,are called _______ rules.
A)functional
B)generative
C)disjunctive
D)transformation

Accepted Answer

Transformation rules are used in generative grammar to derive alternate forms or voices of a sentence, including passive voice, past tense, and question formation.

Question 19

Elmer is attending speech therapy classes because he has a frontal lisp,that is,he mispronounces the "s" sound as a "th." For example,he might say that "the thun thines in the morning." Elmer is exhibiting a problem with
A)syntax.
B)transformations.
C)morphemes.
D)phonemes.

Accepted Answer

Elmer's difficulty with the "s" sound is a phonemic error, as he is not accurately producing the correct sound in words. Syntax refers to the grammatical arrangement of words in a sentence, transformations refer to changes in word order to change the meaning of a sentence, and morphemes refer to the smallest units of sound that carry meaning in a language.

Question 20

Changing the sentence "Jean gave Sid a birthday gift" to "Sid was given a birthday gift by Jean" illustrates the use of
A)the semantic differential.
B)connotative meanings.
C)transformation rules.
D)conceptual rules.

Accepted Answer

The transformation of the sentence from active ("Jean gave Sid a birthday gift") to passive voice ("Sid was given a birthday gift by Jean") demonstrates the use of transformation rules, which involve changing the grammatical structure of a sentence.

Quiz 37: Cognition and Intelligence: Imagery, Concepts, and Language

A "cat" can be defined as a furry little animal that goes "meow," while the word "cats" indicates that there is more than one of these little animals.Thus,while "cat" indicates one meaningful unit,"cats" would constitute two

A child who constructs the sentence,"The dog walks the lady" is

The smallest meaningful units of speech,such as syllables or words,are called

Which of the following focused on the unspoken rules we use to change core ideas into various sentences,rather than the "surface language" of traditional grammar?

Little Mickey says,"Wook at the wabbit." Mickey is having trouble with the "l" and "r" speech sounds,which would be classified as a _______ problem.

Rearranging words almost always changes the meaning of a sentence,which illustrates the importance of

Santos is learning the rules for ordering words in the formation of sentences.Santos is studying

Traditional grammar is concerned with the sentences we actually speak,which is referred to as

Chomsky believes that we do not learn all the sentences we might ever say,but rather we actively create them by applying _______ rules.

The sentence "A man opened the store for business" and the sentence "The store was opened for business by a man" are related by

In the English language,an adjective will normally precede the noun,but in Spanish the opposite is true.This difference in placement of the adjective illustrates that the two languages have different rules of

The complete set of rules for a language that determines how to make sounds into words and words into sentences is called

The fact that the sentence,"Samantha kissed Trevor," has a very different meaning from "Trevor kissed Samantha," demonstrates the importance of

The fact that "dog bites man" has a very different meaning from "man bites dog" demonstrates the importance of

The part of grammar that involves the rules for word order is referred to as

A young child tells his grandmother that "he goed to town." The child's application of the normal past tense to the irregular verb "to go" illustrates that the child is attempting to use

The prefix "Anti" is an example of

Rules by which a simple declarative sentence may be changed to other voices or forms,such as past tense or a passive voice,are called _______ rules.

Elmer is attending speech therapy classes because he has a frontal lisp,that is,he mispronounces the "s" sound as a "th." For example,he might say that "the thun thines in the morning." Elmer is exhibiting a problem with

Changing the sentence "Jean gave Sid a birthday gift" to "Sid was given a birthday gift by Jean" illustrates the use of