Question 1

Which of the following statements best characterizes the memory system?
A)an automatic and unchanging means of storing exact copies of experience
B)a vast storehouse from which specific facts can be retrieved when they are needed
C)a dusty archive in which interesting,but often irrelevant,relics are housed
D)an active system for manipulating information

Accepted Answer

The statement that best characterizes the memory system is that it is an active system for manipulating information. This is because memory is not a passive process of just storing information, but rather involves the active processing, encoding, and retrieval of information.

Question 2

When you need information stored in computer files,you select the file and open it.When you need information from your long-term memory,you utilize the memory process known as
A)retrieval.
B)encoding.
C)iconic processing.
D)dishabituation.

Accepted Answer

When you need to recall information from your long-term memory, you utilize the retrieval process. This is similar to selecting and opening a specific computer file to access its contents. Encoding refers to the process of taking new information and storing it in the memory, iconic processing refers to sensory information being processed by the visual system, and dishabituation refers to the observation of a new stimulus after being exposed to a habituated stimulus.

Question 3

Which of the basic processes of memory is like typing data into a computer?
A)encoding
B)retrieval
C)consolidation
D)storage

Accepted Answer

Encoding is the process of putting new information into the memory system, much like typing data into a computer.

Question 4

The three basic processes of memory are
A)recognition,storage,retrieval.
B)encoding,storage,forgetting.
C)encoding,storage,retrieval.
D)maintenance,elaboration,forgetting.

Accepted Answer

The three basic processes of memory are encoding (processing information into memory), storage (retaining information over time), and retrieval (recovering information from memory). Option A includes retrieval as one of the processes, but fails to mention encoding and storage separately. Option B includes forgetting as a process, which is not considered a basic process of memory. Option D includes maintenance and elaboration as processes, which are not among the basic processes of memory.

Question 5

To be stored for a long time,information must pass through all three stages of which model of memory?
A)Atkinson-Schiffrin
B)Hobson-McCarley
C)Melzack-Wall
D)Darley­Latané

Accepted Answer

The Atkinson-Schiffrin model of memory includes the three stages of sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Information must be encoded and stored in each of these stages in order to be retained for a long time.

Question 6

Before new incoming information can be stored,it must be first be
A)assimilated.
B)retrieved.
C)encoded.
D)habituated.

Accepted Answer

Encoding is the process of converting incoming information into a form that can be stored in memory. Assimilation refers to the integration of new information into existing knowledge, which occurs after encoding. Retrieval refers to the process of accessing stored information, which occurs after both encoding and assimilation have taken place. Habituation is a decrease in responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated exposure to it, and is not related to memory storage.

Question 7

Memory is often characterized as being similar to a computer because
A)long-term memories are exact copies,like files on a hard drive.
B)memories are encoded,stored,and later retrieved.
C)the space available for memory storage is limited as is the storage capacity of a computer.
D)computers and the human mind both process information in a serial fashion.

Accepted Answer

Memories, like computer data, go through the encoding, storage, and retrieval process. However, memories are not exact copies, and the space available for memory storage in the brain is not limited like a computer's storage capacity. The human mind processes information in a parallel fashion, unlike computers which process information serially.

Question 8

Sensory,short-term,and long-term are the three
A)stages of memory.
B)levels of Alzheimer's disease.
C)types of interference that occur during the process of forgetting.
D)types of amnesia.

Accepted Answer

Sensory, short-term, and long-term are the three stages of memory. They refer to the way in which information is processed and stored in the brain over time. Sensory memory is the initial stage of memory, where information from the senses is briefly registered. Short-term memory is where information is held for a brief period of time, usually less than 30 seconds. Long-term memory is where information is stored for longer periods and can potentially last a lifetime with proper encoding and retrieval processes.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic processes of memory?
A)encoding
B)feedback
C)storage
D)retrieval

Accepted Answer

Feedback is not one of the three basic processes of memory. The three basic processes of memory are encoding, storage, and retrieval.

Question 10

The three stages of memory include all of the following EXCEPT
A)short-term memory.
B)eidetic memory.
C)sensory memory.
D)long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

The three stages of memory are sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Eidetic memory, also known as photographic memory, is not considered one of the three traditional stages of memory.

Question 11

Memory is an active system that
A)stores and organizes information.
B)receives and recovers information.
C)alters information.
D)does all of these.

Accepted Answer

Memory is not a passive system; instead, it actively stores and organizes information, receives and recovers information when needed, and can even alter information based on various factors such as emotion and previous experiences. Therefore, choice D, which states that memory does all of these, is the best answer.

Question 12

The process of holding information in memory for later use is referred to as
A)retrieval.
B)encoding.
C)storage.
D)organization.

Accepted Answer

The process of holding information in memory for later use is referred to as storage. Retrieval is the process of accessing previously stored information, encoding is the process of initially processing and transforming information for storage, and organization is the process of grouping and categorizing information for efficient storage and retrieval.

Question 13

You are taking a psychology test and are trying to remember what you studied.The memory process being used when you try to remember the psychology material is
A)encoding.
B)feedback.
C)storage rehearsal.
D)retrieval.

Accepted Answer

Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage to use it, which is what you are doing when trying to remember studied material for a test.

Question 14

Information is initially converted into a form that can be retained.This conversion part of the memory process is known as
A)encoding.
B)retrieval.
C)consolidation.
D)storage.

Accepted Answer

Encoding is the initial process of converting information into a form that can be retained in memory. Retrieval is the process of accessing stored information, consolidation is the process of stabilizing a memory after it is initially encoded, and storage is the process of maintaining information in memory over time.

Question 15

After information has been entered into memory,this information is held for later use through the memory process known as
A)retrieval.
B)encoding.
C)storage.
D)habituation.

Accepted Answer

Storage is the memory process in which information that has been encoded is maintained over time. This information can then be retrieved for later use through the process of retrieval. Encoding is the initial process of getting information into memory, and habituation is the process by which an organism becomes less responsive to a stimulus after repeated exposure. Therefore, the best choice for the memory process that holds information for later use is storage.

Question 16

Which of the following is the active system that receives,stores,organizes,alters,and recovers information?
A)memory
B)suppression
C)repression
D)priming

Accepted Answer

Memory is the active system that receives, stores, organizes, alters, and recovers information. Suppression and repression are psychological defense mechanisms, while priming is the phenomenon of being more likely to respond to a stimulus that one has recently been exposed to.

Question 17

In order for a memory to be useful,it must be
A)dishabituated.
B)episodic.
C)decoded as an image.
D)retrieved.

Accepted Answer

For a memory to be useful, it must be retrieved from storage and brought to conscious awareness. Without retrieval, the memory remains inaccessible and cannot be used. The other options, including dishabituation, episodic nature, and decoding as an image, may or may not be characteristic of a useful memory, but they are not essential for a memory to be useful.

Question 18

If you are to remember all 9,856 new terms on your psychology final exam,you must successfully
A)encode them in sensory memory,move them through short-term memory,and eventually retrieve them from long-term memory.
B)utilize eidetic memory and mnemonic devices in constructively processing the information.
C)move this information through procedural memory,semantic memory,and episodic memory while avoiding the serial position effect.
D)utilize stimulus control and redintegration in the processing of this information.

Accepted Answer

To successfully remember the 9,856 new terms on the psychology final exam, it is necessary to encode the information in sensory memory, move it through short-term memory, and eventually retrieve it from long-term memory. This is the process of memory consolidation, which involves the transfer of information from temporary storage in short-term memory to more permanent storage in long-term memory. Utilizing mnemonic devices and eidetic memory may be helpful but not necessarily required, while procedural memory, semantic memory, and episodic memory are all types of long-term memory. The serial position effect refers to the tendency to better remember items at the beginning or end of a list but not necessarily the entire list. Stimulus control and redintegration are not relevant to the memory process.

Question 19

Sensory,short-term,and long-term are the three stages of the
A)Atkinson-Schiffrin model of memory.
B)Hobson-McCarley memory model.
C)Melzack-Wall model of memory.
D)Darley­Latané memory model.

Accepted Answer

The Atkinson-Schiffrin model of memory consists of three stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. This model proposes that information is initially processed in sensory memory, briefly stored in short-term memory, and eventually transferred to long-term memory for more permanent storage.

Question 20

The three stages of memory IN ORDER are
A)short-term memory,sensory memory,long-term memory.
B)eidetic memory,sensory memory,long-term memory.
C)sensory memory,short-term memory,long-term memory.
D)short-term memory,working memory,long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

The three stages of memory, in order, are sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. This is the most accurate description of the process according to current research in cognitive psychology. Option A is almost correct, but short-term memory comes before long-term memory. Option B is incorrect, as eidetic memory is a rare phenomenon and not a commonly recognized stage of memory. Option D is also incorrect, as working memory is a component of short-term memory, not a separate stage of memory.

Quiz 33: Memory: Memory Systems

Which of the following statements best characterizes the memory system?

When you need information stored in computer files,you select the file and open it.When you need information from your long-term memory,you utilize the memory process known as

Which of the basic processes of memory is like typing data into a computer?

The three basic processes of memory are

To be stored for a long time,information must pass through all three stages of which model of memory?

Before new incoming information can be stored,it must be first be

Memory is often characterized as being similar to a computer because

Sensory,short-term,and long-term are the three

Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic processes of memory?

The three stages of memory include all of the following EXCEPT

Memory is an active system that

The process of holding information in memory for later use is referred to as

You are taking a psychology test and are trying to remember what you studied.The memory process being used when you try to remember the psychology material is

Information is initially converted into a form that can be retained.This conversion part of the memory process is known as

After information has been entered into memory,this information is held for later use through the memory process known as

Which of the following is the active system that receives,stores,organizes,alters,and recovers information?

In order for a memory to be useful,it must be

If you are to remember all 9,856 new terms on your psychology final exam,you must successfully

Sensory,short-term,and long-term are the three stages of the

The three stages of memory IN ORDER are