Question 1

Organizing information into larger units as a way of improving the efficiency of short-term memory is called
A)chunking.
B)redintegration.
C)consolidation.
D)latent symbolization.

Accepted Answer

Chunking is the process of grouping individual pieces of information into larger units, which can improve the capacity and efficiency of short-term memory. This makes it easier to remember and process information, as the brain has to remember fewer distinct items. Redintegration refers to the process of using a cue to retrieve a complete memory, consolidation refers to the process of transferring information from short-term to long-term memory, and latent symbolization is not a recognized term in psychology.

Question 2

Information in long-term memory is generally stored on the basis of
A)visual images.
B)meaning and importance.
C)how the words sound.
D)patterns of visual and auditory images.

Accepted Answer

Information in long-term memory is stored based on its meaning and importance, rather than just visual or auditory qualities. This is why we are able to remember and recall meaningful information even years after we first learned it.

Question 3

Because hyphens divide the numbers on your social security card into three segments,it is easier for you to remember this nine-digit number.This illustrates
A)maintenance rehearsal.
B)the key number system.
C)the method of loci.
D)chunking.

Accepted Answer

The division of the numbers on the social security card into three segments is an example of chunking, which is the organizing of information into smaller, meaningful units to make it easier to remember.

Question 4

If the letters VDAFCBNLSBRC are rearranged into DVR-ABC-CBS-NFL,they become much easier to remember and store.This is because you're using a process called
A)maintenance rehearsal.
B)chunking.
C)method of loci.
D)the keyword system.

Accepted Answer

Chunking is a memory technique in which individual pieces of information are grouped together into larger units, or chunks. This makes it easier to remember because the information is more organized and can be more easily processed and stored in the memory. In this case, the letters have been chunked into four units (DVR, ABC, CBS, NFL) which are more manageable than 11 individual letters.

Question 5

While studying,it is important to find ways to link two,three,or more separate facts or ideas into larger chunks in order to improve one's _______ memory.
A)eidetic
B)episodic
C)short-term
D)sensory

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory is the type of memory that is responsible for holding onto small amounts of information for a brief period of time, typically 20-30 seconds. Chunking is a strategy that can be used to increase the amount of information that can be held in short-term memory by organizing it into larger, more meaningful units. Therefore, chunking can improve one's short-term memory performance. Eidetic memory is a rare ability that involves being able to recall images or information in great detail from memory after only a brief exposure to them. Episodic memory is a type of long-term memory that involves the ability to remember specific events or episodes experienced. Sensory memory is the initial stage of memory where information is gathered through the five senses and held for a very short period of time, typically less than a second.

Question 6

In your short-term memory,numbers,letters,words,phrases,or familiar sentences can make up a single information
A)eidetic.
B)chunk.
C)loci.
D)icon.

Accepted Answer

Chunking is the process of grouping individual pieces of information into larger units or chunks. In short-term memory, chunking allows for more efficient storage and retrieval of information. For example, instead of trying to remember a string of 12 individual letters (e.g. M-E-R-C-U-R-Y-V-E-N-U-S), chunking allows us to remember it as two chunks of six (e.g. MERCURY VENUS).

Question 7

Good memory results from finding or creating meaningful chunks in what you study.When these meaningful organizations become hard to form,then one should use artificial ones,such as
A)eidetic imagery.
B)habituations.
C)redintegration.
D)mnemonics.

Accepted Answer

Mnemonics are artificial aids that help in remembering and organizing information. They can be in the form of acronyms, rhymes, or other memory devices. Using mnemonics can help in creating meaningful associations and improving memory retention. Therefore, it is the best choice for creating artificial chunks.

Question 8

You have found that it is easier for you to remember cell phone numbers and code them into your cell phone if you divide the number into two­and three­digit numbers,such as "48" or "865" rather than single digits that you often reverse.Thus,you have aided your short-term memory through
A)maintenance rehearsal.
B)the key number system.
C)the method of loci.
D)chunking.

Accepted Answer

Chunking is the process of organizing information into smaller, more manageable units, or chunks. By chunking cell phone numbers into two-and three-digit numbers, the person is able to remember them more easily because they have created meaningful chunks of information that are easier to maintain in working memory.

Question 9

Which psychologist found that short­term memory is limited to the "magic number" seven (plus or minus two) information bits?
A)Herman Ebbinghaus
B)Stephen Kosslyn
C)George Miller
D)John Wilding

Accepted Answer

George Miller found that short-term memory is limited to the "magic number" seven (plus or minus two) information bits in his famous paper titled "The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information" published in 1956.

Question 10

Which of the following processes recodes or reorganizes information into units that are already in long-term memory?
A)chunking
B)redintegration
C)serial positioning
D)consolidation

Accepted Answer

Chunking involves grouping information into meaningful units, which are already stored in long-term memory. This helps to organize information and make it easier to remember. Redintegration involves using cues or prompts to retrieve information from long-term memory, while serial positioning refers to the tendency to remember items at the beginning and end of a list better than those in the middle. Consolidation involves the process of transferring information from short-term memory to long-term memory.

Question 11

The saying "seven plus or minus two" refers to the space capacity of _______ memory.
A)short-term
B)long-term
C)sensory
D)iconic

Accepted Answer

The saying "seven plus or minus two" refers to the capacity of short-term memory, which is limited to holding 7 +/- 2 items (or chunks) of information at once. This was proposed by psychologist George Miller in 1956.

Question 12

Chunking and maintenance rehearsal are especially important for the improvement of _______ efficiency.
A)short-term memory
B)eidetic imagery
C)sensory memory
D)implicit memory

Accepted Answer

Chunking and maintenance rehearsal are both strategies to help maintain information in short-term memory. Therefore, they would be especially important for improving the efficiency of short-term memory.

Question 13

A single meaningful "piece" of information,such as a digit,is called an information
A)icon.
B)bit.
C)position.
D)engram.

Accepted Answer

A bit is the smallest unit of information storage and represents a single binary digit (either 0 or 1). It is used to measure the amount of information in digital communications, such as in computer programming and data transmission. Options A, C, and D are not accurate descriptions of a single meaningful "piece" of information.

Question 14

Although George Miller theorized that short­term memory can usually only handle seven "bits" of information,other psychologists believe that,without some chunking occurring,short-term memory may only hold _______ items.
A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five

Accepted Answer

Other psychologists have suggested that without chunking, short-term memory might only be able to hold around four items. This is a refinement of Miller's broader concept, recognizing limitations in our ability to process multiple pieces of information simultaneously without organizing them into larger, more manageable units.

Question 15

The digit-span test is a common measure of
A)attention and short-term memory.
B)phonetic-space and sensory memory.
C)implicit and explicit memory.
D)iconic and echoic memory.

Accepted Answer

The digit-span test is specifically designed to measure attention and short-term memory abilities by requiring individuals to repeat a series of numbers they hear or see in the same order they were presented. It does not measure phonetic-space or sensory memory, nor does it differentiate between implicit and explicit or iconic and echoic memory.

Question 16

The average number of "bits" of information that short­term memory can usually handle is what Psychologist George Miller called the "magic" _______ (plus or minus two).
A)three
B)six
C)seven
D)nine

Accepted Answer

Psychologist George Miller's "magic number" for the average number of bits of information that short-term memory can handle is seven, plus or minus two. Therefore, choice C is the best answer.

Question 17

The "magic number" seven refers to which capacity of short­term memory?
A)time
B)iconic
C)space
D)echoic

Accepted Answer

The "magic number" seven is the capacity of short-term memory for holding information about space, such as digits in a phone number or letters in a license plate. It does not refer to time, iconic or echoic memory.

Question 18

Meaningful units of information,such as numbers,letters,words,or phrases are known as information
A)icons.
B)bits.
C)episodes.
D)engrams.

Accepted Answer

The meaningful units of information are known as bits. Icons are graphical representation of an object or an action, episodes refer to a sequence of related events, and engrams are hypothetical units of memory.

Question 19

Bits of information grouped into larger units make up
A)eidetic memories.
B)digit spans.
C)information chunks.
D)implicit memories.

Accepted Answer

Information chunks refer to grouping smaller pieces of information together into larger units, allowing for easier storage and retrieval in memory. Eidetic memories refer to the ability to recall detailed images or visual information with high accuracy, while digit spans refer specifically to the capacity for storing numerical sequences in short-term memory. Implicit memories refer to memories that are not consciously recognized or recalled, such as motor skills or habits.

Question 20

Regarding the space capacity of short-term memory (STM),which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)A few people can remember up to nine bits of information.
B)With some types of information,five bits is the limit of storage capacity.
C)When all of the "slots" in STM are filled,there is no more room for new information.
D)People can increase the space capacity of short-term memory by using eidetic imagery.

Accepted Answer

Eidetic imagery (photographic memory) is not proven to increase the space capacity of short-term memory. Its benefits are primarily associated with long-term memory recall.

Quiz 33: Memory: Memory Systems

Organizing information into larger units as a way of improving the efficiency of short-term memory is called

Information in long-term memory is generally stored on the basis of

Because hyphens divide the numbers on your social security card into three segments,it is easier for you to remember this nine-digit number.This illustrates

If the letters VDAFCBNLSBRC are rearranged into DVR-ABC-CBS-NFL,they become much easier to remember and store.This is because you're using a process called

While studying,it is important to find ways to link two,three,or more separate facts or ideas into larger chunks in order to improve one's _______ memory.

In your short-term memory,numbers,letters,words,phrases,or familiar sentences can make up a single information

Good memory results from finding or creating meaningful chunks in what you study.When these meaningful organizations become hard to form,then one should use artificial ones,such as

You have found that it is easier for you to remember cell phone numbers and code them into your cell phone if you divide the number into twoand threedigit numbers,such as "48" or "865" rather than single digits that you often reverse.Thus,you have aided your short-term memory through

Which psychologist found that shortterm memory is limited to the "magic number" seven (plus or minus two) information bits?

Which of the following processes recodes or reorganizes information into units that are already in long-term memory?

The saying "seven plus or minus two" refers to the space capacity of _______ memory.

Chunking and maintenance rehearsal are especially important for the improvement of _______ efficiency.

A single meaningful "piece" of information,such as a digit,is called an information

Although George Miller theorized that shortterm memory can usually only handle seven "bits" of information,other psychologists believe that,without some chunking occurring,short-term memory may only hold _______ items.

The digit-span test is a common measure of

The average number of "bits" of information that shortterm memory can usually handle is what Psychologist George Miller called the "magic" _______ (plus or minus two) .

The "magic number" seven refers to which capacity of shortterm memory?

Meaningful units of information,such as numbers,letters,words,or phrases are known as information

Bits of information grouped into larger units make up

Regarding the space capacity of short-term memory (STM) ,which of the following statements is FALSE?