Deck 37: Cognition and Intelligence: Imagery, Concepts, and Language

Question 1

Humans live in deserts,jungles,mountains,frenzied cities,placid retreats,and space stations,which illustrates how our thinking abilities have helped us to be more

A)practical.
B)future-oriented.
C)communal.
D)adaptable.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following involves internal representations that allow you to look at numerous options before acting so you can avoid many mistakes?

A)insight
B)planning
C)intrinsic encoding
D)sensory memory

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Cognition includes all of the following EXCEPT

A)language.
B)problem-solving.
C)daydreaming.
D)reflexive actions.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Glancing at the television to see if your favorite program has started yet would be an example of

A)proxemics.
B)inductive thinking.
C)reflective processing.
D)experiential processing.

Question 5

The term "cognition" includes

A)thinking,problem solving,reasoning,and daydreaming.
B)classical and instrumental conditioning.
C)eidetic imagery and processing.
D)an active process by which sensory input is selected,organized,and integrated.

Question 6

Donna is "looking over" her psychology notes while watching TV and texting her friends.Donna is engaged in

A)proxemics.
B)selective attention.
C)experiential processing.
D)reflective processing.

Question 7

If thought is active,effortful,and controlled,you are engaged in

A)reflective processing.
B)experiential processing.
C)intuitive thinking.
D)proxemics.

Question 8

Cognition,or thinking,refers to

A)processing a mental expression of a problem or situation.
B)the capacity to act purposefully.
C)the ability to adapt to one's surroundings.
D)a deeper comprehension of the nature of the problem.

Question 9

Intense problem-solving and planning require

A)reflective processing.
B)experiential processing.
C)intuitive thinking.
D)proxemics.

Question 10

Jed is able to understand and remember what he read while studying psychology because he engaged in

A)proxemics.
B)reflective processing.
C)experiential processing.
D)divergent thinking.

Question 11

Homo Sapiens comes from the Latin words for

A)man and wise.
B)like and thinkers.
C)one and mind.
D)brain and upright.

Question 12

Regarding aspects of cognition,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Animals other than humans can engage in simple forms of cognitive learning.
B)Planning allows us to try out various options and avoid making many mistakes.
C)Planning requires reflective processing.
D)Daydreaming would be an example of reflective processing.

Question 13

Passive,effortless daydreaming would be a type of

A)proxemics.
B)inductive thinking.
C)experiential processing.
D)reflective processing.

Question 14

Steven Hawkings is a theoretical physicist who is confined to a wheelchair due to Lou Gehrig's disease and must "speak" by controlling a speech synthesizer through cheek movements.Even with this disability,Dr.Hawkings is able to continue to advance our understanding of the universe,which illustrates how our thinking abilities

A)are innate.
B)would not be realized without learning being a continual process.
C)are less important than our motivation to succeed.
D)make us adaptable to situations.

Question 15

A recent college graduate mentally tries out several "answers" to possible questions he might be asked by prospective employers before actually going to his first interview.This college graduate is exhibiting

A)planning.
B)the semantic differential.
C)intrinsic encoding.
D)procedural memory.

Question 16

Dr.Hart is investigating how humans mentally process information,such as images,concepts,words,rules,and symbols.He would best be described as studying

A)operant conditioning.
B)learning.
C)cognition.
D)proxemics.

Question 17

Which of the following refers to processing a mental representation of a problem or situation?

A)intuition
B)intelligence
C)cognition
D)selective attention

Question 18

When thought is passive,effortless,and automatic,the person is engaged in

A)proxemics.
B)inductive thinking.
C)reflective processing.
D)experiential processing.

Question 19

The success of humans is due to our thinking ability making us very

A)future-oriented.
B)adaptable.
C)communal.
D)aggressive.

Question 20

Unlike other species,the success of humans is due to

A)our physical strength.
B)our speed.
C)our thinking ability.
D)a combination of all of these.

Question 21

Generalized ideas that represent categories of objects or events are called

A)morphemes.
B)images.
C)engrams.
D)concepts.

Question 22

Images,concepts,and symbols are

A)types of morphemes.
B)examples of heuristics.
C)types of semantics.
D)basic units of thought.

Question 23

Picture-like mental representations are called

A)morphemes.
B)images.
C)engrams.
D)concepts.

Question 24

In order for two blindfolded chess players to play a game,they must rely on all of the following EXCEPT

A)respondent conditioning.
B)images.
C)concepts.
D)the notational system of chess.

Question 25

When you are deciding what to study for an exam,what to say at a job interview,or how to get to your spring break hotel,you are using the reflective process called

A)planning.
B)intuition.
C)semantic encoding.
D)transformation.

Question 26

Thinking involves the manipulation of three basic forms of thought,which are

A)images,concepts,and language.
B)language,memory,and vestibular sensations.
C)scripts,schemes,and synesthesia.
D)pictures,sounds,and illusions.

Question 27

Words and symbols and the rules for combining them are referred to as

A)concepts.
B)language.
C)morphemes.
D)semantics.

Question 28

A form of imagery in which images cross normal sense barriers,such as sounds being experienced as colors,is called

A)synesthesia.
B)hallucinations.
C)eidetic imagery.
D)pseudoperceptions.

Question 29

Your image of a bakery may also include its delicious odor.This shows that which of the following involves more than pictures?

A)a mental image
B)a concept
C)a symbolic rule
D)automatic processing

Question 30

The paintings of your favorite artist depict his subjective impressions rather than the exact external objects.This may be due to this artist's brain allowing him to experience sounds as colors and shapes so that he literally paints what he "sees," which illustrates the rare form of imagery known as

A)lateral perspective.
B)sane hallucinations.
C)synesthesia.
D)eidetic imagery.

Question 31

A person who has unusual olfactory experiences when bombarded with the sounds of rock music would be described as having

A)sensory overload.
B)muscular imagery.
C)eidetic imagery.
D)synesthesia.

Question 32

Which of the following often includes visual and auditory representations,but can also include representations of movement,touch,taste,smell,and pain?

A)pseudoperception
B)mental imagery
C)illusionary processing
D)automatic processing

Question 33

Thinking involves all of the following EXCEPT

A)pattern recognition.
B)intuition.
C)attention and memory
D)engramatic notation.

Question 34

In which of the following ways would mental images NOT be used ?

A)to change our feelings
B)to make decisions
C)to improve a skill
D)to prevent automatic processing

Question 35

Mandy is an artist and often uses picture-like internal representations in her thinking.These internal representations are called

A)pseudoperceptions.
B)mental images.
C)illusions.
D)sane hallucinations.

Question 36

Jeffrey often says that spiced chicken tastes "pointy," that pain is the color orange,and that hearing human voices unleashes a flood of colors and tastes.Jeffrey is experiencing a rare form of imagery known as

A)sensory overload.
B)sane hallucinations.
C)eidetic imagery.
D)synesthesia.

Question 37

Which of the following are used to change our feelings,make decisions,and aid memory or improve a skill?

A)respondent stimuli
B)mental images
C)iconic memories
D)sensory gating effects

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a basic unit of thought?

A)concepts
B)images
C)languages
D)engrams

Question 39

A television interviewer who mentally tries out several lines of questioning before actually beginning a live interview is exhibiting the reflective process called

A)intrinsic encoding.
B)planning.
C)procedural memory.
D)the semantic differential.

Question 40

Darby is a psychologist who studies concept formation,pattern recognition,memory,decision making,and intuition.Darby is most likely a(n)psychologist.

A)existential
B)comparative
C)cognitive
D)forensic

Question 41

Concerning mental imagery,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)People with good imaging abilities tend to score higher on tests of creativity,even if they are blind.
B)To give more original answers,most people assemble or invent new images.
C)Fewer than 20 percent of people can mentally rotate objects in their minds.
D)Most artists,architects,designers,sculptors,and filmmakers have excellent visual imagery.

Question 42

When Richard visualizes his girlfriend's face,the area in his brain that initially becomes most active is the

A)somatosensory area.
B)area that specializes in face perception.
C)hypothalamus.
D)motor cortex.

Question 43

If you are asked,"How many ways can you use an empty egg carton?" you might begin by picturing uses you have already seen,such as sorting buttons into a carton.To give more original answers,you must

A)use eidetic imagery.
B)verbally talk about the egg carton.
C)assemble or invent new images.
D)do all of these.

Question 44

Jeff is presented with a picture of a connected block formation and then presented with four pictures of block formations that have the same number of connected blocks but shown from different perspectives.In order for Jeff to select which one of the four perspectives matches the original block formation,he must

A)use eidetic imagery.
B)use visual assimilation.
C)form a three-dimensional image and rotate it.
D)retrieve a stored image and utilize it as a disjunctive concept.

Question 45

When you form a mental image of "a car," the brain area where memories are stored sends signals back to the primary visual area to create that image through a process known as

A)synesthesia.
B)visual assimilation.
C)"reverse vision."
D)eidetic imagery.

Question 46

When you form a mental image of "a flower," the brain area where memories are stored sends signals back to which brain area in order to create that image?

A)somatosensory area
B)primary visual area
C)temporal lobe
D)reticular formation

Question 47

Research on mental imagery indicates that

A)we typically create mental images through eidetic imagery.
B)we mentally "pick up" an object and turn it around or even fold it.
C)our mental images are flat,like photographs.
D)our mental images are restricted to visual or auditory qualities.

Question 48

Tony is mentally rehearsing how he will ask his boss for a raise.Tony is using mental images to

A)change his feelings.
B)make a decision.
C)prepare for some action.
D)aid memory.

Question 49

Mental imagery can involve all of the following EXCEPT

A)picture-like visual images.
B)images for smell,taste,and pain.
C)the mental rotation of the imaged object.
D)words and categories of objects.

Question 50

Nan is upset because she has not lost enough weight to buy the new swimsuit that she had wanted,so she imagines herself on the beach having fun with her friends in her current swimsuit.Nan is using mental images to

A)change her feelings.
B)make a decision.
C)prepare for some action.
D)aid memory.

Question 51

To answer the question,"Does a frog have lips and a stubby tail?" most people

A)use mental rotation.
B)utilize eidetic imagery.
C)utilize created images.
D)are unable to correctly answer the question.

Question 52

Recent research on mental images indicates that human subjects

A)can form three-dimensional images.
B)are restricted to two-dimensional images similar to photographs.
C)use images which are limited to the visual sense.
D)are unable to mentally rotate a mental image.

Question 53

Kinesthetic imagery is created from remembered or imagined

A)muscular sensations.
B)auditory sensations.
C)visual illusions.
D)intuitive impressions.

Question 54

When you form a mental image of "a kite flying in the sky," the brain area where memories are stored sends signals back to the visual cortex to create that image.This process is known as

A)visual assimilation.
B)synesthesia.
C)"reverse vision."
D)none of these.

Question 55

Regarding "reverse vision," which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)"Reverse vision" is the process involved when a person experiences eidetic imagery.
B)"Reverse vision" is the common name for synesthesia.
C)"Reverse vision" occurs when one forms any mental image.
D)"Reverse vision" occurs when a person uses a hallucinogenic drug that prevents normal mental imagery.

Question 56

When you choose what clothes to wear or figure out how to arrange furniture in a room,you are using mental images to

A)change your feelings.
B)make a decision or solve a problem.
C)improve a skill or prepare for some action.
D)aid memory.

Question 57

Regarding mental imagery,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Almost everyone has visual and auditory images.
B)Mental images are not flat like photographs.
C)Only 10 percent of humans have imagery for movement,touch,taste,smell,and pain.
D)People can mentally rotate objects in their minds.

Question 58

Which of the following is partly based on imagined movements?

A)mental rotation
B)synesthesia
C)"reverse vision"
D)eidetic imagery

Question 59

Lonnie is an architect,who must add a new building on an already crowded college campus.To generate the most original solution to this problem,he will

A)use eidetic imagery.
B)use mental images of buildings he has seen in the past.
C)combine language and concepts.
D)assemble or invent new mental images.

Question 60

Regarding mental imagery,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Almost everyone has visual and auditory images.
B)Over 50 percent of humans have imagery for movement,touch,taste,smell,and pain.
C)Experimental work has shown that mental images appear flat like photographs.
D)People commonly use mental images to change feelings and make decisions.

Question 61

The word "fruit" is used to represent such foods as apples,pears,and oranges and would be considered a(n)

A)algorithm.
B)heuristic.
C)prototype.
D)concept.

Question 62

At its most elementary level,which of the following is based on experiences with positive and negative instances?

A)prototyping
B)the random search strategy
C)synesthesia
D)concept formation

Question 63

Rock climbers would most likely use which type of imagery to learn climbing routes and to plan their next few moves?

A)eidetic
B)kinesthetic
C)convergent
D)experiential

Question 64

Concept formation refers to

A)the organization of phonemes and morphemes into meaningful thoughts.
B)the application of transformation rules to basic sentences.
C)inductive thinking as opposed to deductive thinking.
D)the process of classifying information into meaningful categories.

Question 65

If you were asked in which direction do you turn the hot-water handle in your kitchen to shut off the water,you would most likely use imagery.

A)vestibular
B)conjunctive
C)inductive
D)kinesthetic

Question 66

Which of the following represents a category of related objects or events and helps us identify important features of the world?

A)algorithm
B)heuristic
C)kinesthetic image
D)concept

Question 67

A baseball player,a skateboarder,or anyone involved in a movement-oriented activity would find which type of imagery especially important?

A)kinesthetic
B)semantic
C)prototypical
D)conjunctive

Question 68

Regarding concepts and concept formation,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)At its most basic level,concept formation is based on experience with positive and negative instances.
B)Adults often acquire concepts by learning conceptual rules.
C)An expert literally sees objects in their field of knowledge differently than less well-informed people do.
D)Children and adults use algorithms to make minute distinctions between closely related concepts.

Question 69

A concept is defined as

A)a mental representation that has picture-like qualities.
B)an ideal model used as a prime example of some category.
C)a generalized idea representing a category of related objects or events.
D)the smallest meaningful unit in a language.

Question 70

An expert bird watcher would be better than a beginner at all of the following skills EXCEPT for

A)seeing the identifying details of the various birds.
B)classifying birds.
C)seeing and understanding birds in a significantly different way.
D)generating eidetic images of birds in his or her mind.

Question 71

An idea representing a category of related objects or events is called a(n)

A)abstraction.
B)relational attribute.
C)unified thought.
D)concept.

Question 72

If you have good kinesthetic imagery,you most likely will be able to

A)use the left side of your brain.
B)learn the newest dance steps quickly.
C)think of an exciting plot for a novel.
D)argue successfully in a court of law.

Question 73

Your young son is having difficulty tying his shoe.While you give verbal suggestions,you are actually tying the shoe in your mind with your hands making slight movements as if tying a shoe.Your thoughts and micromovements of your hands illustrate your use of imagery.

A)intuitive
B)conjunctive
C)inductive
D)kinesthetic

Question 74

An effective way for athletes to improve their skills off the field is to practice by rehearsing

A)negative self-talk to motivate themselves.
B)relaxation images to use when they make a "bad" play.
C)the use of synesthesia regarding their upcoming athletic performance.
D)kinesthetic images of themselves performing flawlessly.

Question 75

If Jake is like most children,he will learn concepts most readily by

A)learning rules.
B)overregularization.
C)positive and negative instances.
D)receiving punishment for his incorrect labeling.

Question 76

A father is helping his daughter to learn about animals.He points to a robin and eagle and explains that they are birds that fly,while the ostrich and penguin are examples of birds that do not fly.He then shows her pictures of a bat and a flying squirrel and tells her that these are not birds,but that the bat can actually fly and the flying squirrel can glide through the air.To help his daughter learn the concept of "bird," the father is using

A)conceptual rules.
B)algorithms.
C)prototyping.
D)positive and negative instances.

Question 77

When we group together all cars,regardless of the make of an individual car,because they share common characteristics or attributes,we are using

A)algorithms.
B)heuristics.
C)concept formation.
D)divergent thinking.

Question 78

Jabar will be participating in a piano competition.On the flight to this competition,one could see Jabar slightly moving his fingers on the food tray as if he were playing the musical composition he will be presenting at the competition.To practice for this competition,Jabar is using

A)illusionary figures.
B)synaesthesia.
C)kinesthetic imagery.
D)eidetic imagery.

Question 79

Which of the following guides the flow of ideas as one explains how to perform a motor activity,such as playing a guitar?

A)kinesthetic imagery
B)visual assimilation
C)eidetic imagery
D)inductive conceptualization

Question 80

The process of classifying information into meaningful categories is called

A)prototyping.
B)the random search strategy.
C)synesthesia.
D)concept formation.