Question 1

Regarding culture, race, and IQ scores, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)IQ is a good predictor of later career success.
B)What psychologist Robert Sternberg calls practical intelligence may be seen by minority cultures as more important than analytic intelligence.
C)Studies that used actual blood grouping testing found significant correlations between ethnic ancestry and IQ scores.
D)Group differences in IQ scores are based on heredity, not on cultural and environmental differences.

Accepted Answer

Ethnic differences in IQ scores are likely to be influenced by various cultural and environmental factors, rather than being solely based on heredity. One potential explanation for these differences is the concept of practical intelligence, which holds that different cultures may prioritize different types of intelligence. For example, some minority cultures may place more value on practical problem-solving skills than on abstract or analytical reasoning, which is the focus of many traditional IQ tests. This suggests that cultural factors may play a significant role in determining IQ scores and in shaping our understanding of intelligence.

Question 2

Regarding culture, race, and IQ scores, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)Court decisions have led some states to outlaw the use of intelligence tests in public schools.
B)African Americans are the only segment of the population with reason to question the validity of intelligence testing and the role of heredity in determining intelligence.
C)The clarification won by African Americans regarding intelligence testing has not been extended to other groups.
D)Group differences in IQ scores are based on heredity, not on cultural and environmental differences.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Some states have outlawed the use of intelligence tests in public schools due to concerns about cultural bias and unfairness in testing.

Answer: C
 This is also true. While African Americans have successfully challenged the use of intelligence tests in some cases, other minority groups have not yet had the same level of success in advocating for fair testing practices.

Answer: D
 This statement is false. Group differences in IQ scores are influenced by a range of factors, including cultural and environmental differences as well as genetics. It is not accurate to attribute group differences solely to heredity.

Therefore, the best answer is A and C.

Question 3

Counterarguments to the claim that African Americans score below average in IQ because of their "genetic heritage" include which of the following?
A)African Americans are more likely than European Americans to live in environments that are physically, educationally, and intellectually impoverished.
B)The assumptions, biases, and content of standard IQ tests do not always allow meaningful comparisons between ethnic, cultural, or racial groups.
C)European Americans do better on IQ tests written by European Americans, and African Americans do better on IQ tests devised by African Americans.
D)All of these are counterarguments against these claims.

Accepted Answer

All of these options are valid counterarguments against the claim that African Americans score below average in IQ due to their genetic heritage. Option A points out that differences in environment can have a significant impact on cognitive development and performance. Option B raises concerns about the cultural bias inherent in many intelligence tests. Option C highlights how the design of the test can impact results, suggesting that some tests may favor certain groups over others. Together, all three options demonstrate how complex and multifaceted the issue of IQ and race is, and why simplistic claims about genetic heritage do not hold up to scrutiny.

Question 4

When actual blood-group testing are conducted, there are no significant correlations between ethnic ancestry and IQ scores because
A)blood type is not genetically-determined.
B)culture-fair tests were not utilized.
C)obvious external markers, like skin color, have little to do with underlying genetic differences.
D)of all of these.

Accepted Answer

Blood type and IQ scores are not correlated because genetic differences that affect intelligence are not necessarily linked to external markers like ethnicity or skin color. Additionally, there is no evidence to suggest that blood type is related to intelligence, so even if it were a genetically-determined trait, it would not be relevant to IQ scores. Therefore, the correct answer is (C), that external markers like ethnicity are not reliable predictors of genetic differences related to intelligence.

Question 5

Regarding culture, race, and IQ scores, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Although IQ predicts school performance, it does not predict later career success.
B)What psychologist Robert Sternberg calls analytic intelligence may be seen by minority cultures as more important than practical intelligence.
C)Studies that used actual blood grouping testing found no significant correlations between ethnic ancestry and IQ scores.
D)Most psychologists have concluded there is no scientific evidence that group differences in average IQ are based on genetics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Regarding culture, race, and IQ scores, which...

Question 6

Regarding culture, race, and IQ scores, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Although IQ predicts school performance, it does not predict later career success.
B)What psychologist Robert Sternberg calls practical intelligence may be seen by minority cultures as more important than analytic intelligence.
C)Studies that used actual blood grouping testing found significant correlations between ethnic ancestry and IQ scores.
D)Most psychologists have concluded there is no scientific evidence that group differences in average IQ are based on genetics.

Accepted Answer

There is no scientific evidence to suggest that actual ethnic ancestry determines IQ scores. The idea that intelligence is influenced by genetic factors linked to race or ethnicity is a controversial and highly debated topic in psychology, with most researchers agreeing that intelligence is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors rather than race or ethnicity.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using standardized tests?
A)A high score on a standardized test may allow a disadvantaged youth to enter college.
B)Most standardized tests measure a person's ability to think critically and to apply knowledge to solve problems.
C)Standardized tests do accurately predict academic performance.
D)Standardized tests may be fairer and more objective than the judgments of admissions officers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT an...

Question 8

Eight-year-old Marta has just immigrated to the United States.Although Marta speaks some English, the test examiner chooses not to give her the WISC-IV or SB5, but instead, administers a test in which Marta is asked to select which pattern is different from the others or which figure on the right would properly continue the three on the left.This test is most likely a
A)culture-free test.
B)culture-fair test.
C)culturally-diverse test.
D)WAIS-III.

Accepted Answer

The test described is most likely a culture-fair test, which aims to minimize cultural bias and assess cognitive abilities that are not influenced by an individual's cultural or educational background. These tests typically use abstract reasoning tasks that do not rely on language or specific cultural knowledge. Since Marta has just immigrated to the United States and may not be fluent in English or have cultural knowledge of the U.S., a culture-fair test would be more appropriate than a culturally-specific test or one that relies heavily on language skills. The WISC-IV and SB5 are examples of tests that are not culture-free or culture-fair and may have significant cultural biases. The WAIS-III is an adult intelligence test and would not be appropriate for an 8-year-old child. Therefore, the best choice is B - culture-fair test.

Question 9

Culture-fair tests attempt to measure intelligence without being affected by
A)a person's verbal skills.
B)a person's cultural background.
C)a person's educational level.
D)any of these.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Culture-fair tests attempt to measure intelligence without...

Question 10

Regarding the use of intelligence tests with different cultures, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?
A)No intelligence test can be entirely free of cultural influences.
B)To find a truly culture-fair way to measure intelligence, the core cognitive skills that lie at the heart of human intelligence must be identified.
C)Since U.S.children are so visual, they may be better prepared to take both nonverbal tests and traditional IQ tests than children from developing countries.
D)All of these statements are true.

Accepted Answer

All three statements are true. A) Cultural influences cannot be completely eliminated from intelligence tests. B) Identifying core cognitive skills that are universal across cultures is necessary for developing culture-fair tests. C) Visual skills are emphasized more in the U.S. education system, which may give U.S. children an advantage in taking both traditional IQ tests and nonverbal tests.

Question 11

Various "high-stakes tests," which can make or break a person's career, could be improved in all of the following ways EXCEPT utlilizing more items that
A)assess recognition of facts through multiple choice formats.
B)require the application of knowledge to solve problems.
C)test a person's ability to think critically.
D)test a person's ability to think creatively.

Accepted Answer

Utilizing more multiple choice items that only focus on recognition of facts would not improve the test's ability to assess critical thinking or creative thinking skills.

Question 12

Students are asked to move six matches to form four equal-sided triangles.In order to solve this problem, students must
A)use only four matches.
B)cross the matches rather than place them end to end.
C)use a 3-D arrangement.
D)break two of the matches in half.

Accepted Answer

Using a 3-D arrangement, students can form a tetrahedron, which is a three-dimensional shape with four equal-sided triangles, using six matches.

Question 13

In Nisbett (2005) study, poor African American children who were in orphanages were placed with socioeconomically "better-off" European American adoptive families.This change resulted in
A)no effect on their IQ scores or their emotional adjustment.
B)a 13-point average decrease in their IQ scores.
C)a 13-point average increase in their IQ scores.
D)the children being better adjusted but with no change in their IQ scores.

Accepted Answer

The study found that the placement resulted in a 13-point average increase in their IQ scores.

Question 14

Regarding culture, race, and IQ scores, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Court decisions have led some states to outlaw the use of intelligence tests in public schools.
B)African Americans are not the only segment of the population with reason to question the validity of intelligence testing and the role of heredity in determining intelligence.
C)The clarification won by African Americans regarding intelligence testing has not been extended to other groups.
D)Group differences in IQ scores are greatly influenced by cultural and environmental differences.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false because court decisions outlawing the use of intelligence tests in public schools for African Americans also apply to other groups, such as Hispanics and Native Americans. The clarification won by African Americans has been extended to other groups facing similar discrimination in testing.

Question 15

Some of the criticisms of the standardized testing include
A)the frequent appearance of bad or ambiguous questions on standardized tests.
B)the overuse of class time to prepare students for the tests instead of teaching general skills.
C)that most standardized tests demand passive recognition of facts rather than test a person's ability to think critically or creatively.
D)all of these.

Accepted Answer

All of these are valid criticisms of standardized testing. Bad or ambiguous questions on the tests can skew results, preparing for the tests can take away from other important classroom learning, and many standardized tests focus more on memorization of information rather than critical thinking skills.

Question 16

When actual blood-group testing is conducted, there are _____ correlations between ethnic ancestry and IQ.
A)significant
B)negative
C)no significant
D)positive

Accepted Answer

There is no significant correlation between blood-group testing and IQ regarding ethnic ancestry. Blood type is not a reliable indicator of intelligence or potential for intelligence.

Question 17

Regarding the widespread reliance on standardized intelligence tests, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)In response to parental concerns regarding testing, court decisions have led some states to outlaw the use of intelligence tests in public schools.
B)Test scores may be fairer and more objective than the judgments made by admissions officers or employment interviewers.
C)Intelligence tests do accurately predict future occupational success.
D)Most standardized tests demand passive recognition of facts.

Accepted Answer

Intelligence tests do not accurately predict future occupational success.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a counterargument to the claim that African Americans score below average in IQ because of their "genetic heritage"?
A)Although IQ predicts school performance, it does not predict later career success.
B)No matter the ethnic group, the poor are genetically incapable of rising out of poverty.
C)European Americans do better on IQ tests written by European Americans, and African Americans do better on IQ tests devised by African Americans.
D)Studies that used actual blood group testing found no significant correlations between ethnic ancestry and IQ scores.

Accepted Answer

Option A, C, and D provide counterarguments to the claim that African Americans score below average in IQ because of their genetic heritage. However, Option B is not a counterargument as it is a separate statement that focuses on the ability of people in poverty to rise. It is irrelevant to the claim being presented.

Question 19

According to Robert Sternberg, "street smarts," or _____ intelligence, may be seen by minority cultures as more important than "book learning," or _____.
A)practical; analytic
B)analytic; practical
C)intrapersonal; interpersonal
D)interpersonal; intrapersonal

Accepted Answer

Robert Sternberg argued that "street smarts," or practical intelligence, may be valued more in some minority cultures than "book learning," or analytic intelligence. Therefore, choice A (practical; analytic) is the correct answer.

Question 20

Regarding the use of IQ and IQ tests, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)IQ is a narrowly-defined index of intelligence, not intelligence.
B)IQ is a permanent number quotient that expresses one's potential and future success.
C)IQ tests accurately predict academic performance.
D)Creativity, motivation, mechanical aptitude, artistic ability, and numerous other qualities are not measured by intelligence tests.

Accepted Answer

IQ is not a permanent and unchangeable number quotient. While it is an indicator of potential, it is not a guarantee of future success, as intelligence can be developed and improved upon over time.

Quiz 9: Extension C: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Regarding culture, race, and IQ scores, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Regarding culture, race, and IQ scores, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Counterarguments to the claim that African Americans score below average in IQ because of their "genetic heritage" include which of the following?

When actual blood-group testing are conducted, there are no significant correlations between ethnic ancestry and IQ scores because

Regarding culture, race, and IQ scores, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Regarding culture, race, and IQ scores, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using standardized tests?

Culture-fair tests attempt to measure intelligence without being affected by

Regarding the use of intelligence tests with different cultures, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Various "high-stakes tests," which can make or break a person's career, could be improved in all of the following ways EXCEPT utlilizing more items that

Students are asked to move six matches to form four equal-sided triangles.In order to solve this problem, students must

In Nisbett (2005) study, poor African American children who were in orphanages were placed with socioeconomically "better-off" European American adoptive families.This change resulted in

Regarding culture, race, and IQ scores, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Some of the criticisms of the standardized testing include

When actual blood-group testing is conducted, there are _____ correlations between ethnic ancestry and IQ.

Regarding the widespread reliance on standardized intelligence tests, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following is NOT a counterargument to the claim that African Americans score below average in IQ because of their "genetic heritage"?

According to Robert Sternberg, "street smarts," or _ intelligence, may be seen by minority cultures as more important than "book learning," or _.

Regarding the use of IQ and IQ tests, which of the following statements is FALSE?