Question 1

The extent to which performance on a measure is related to performance on the job is called
A)reliability.
B)validity.
C)generalizability.
D)utility.
E)authenticity.

Accepted Answer

The extent to which performance on a measure is related to performance on the job is known as validity. Reliability refers to the consistency of scores on a measure, generalizability refers to the extent to which findings can be applied to different situations or individuals, utility refers to the usefulness of the measure, and authenticity is not a relevant concept in the context of assessment in psychology. Therefore, the best choice is B) validity.

Question 2

If there is a substantial correlation between test scores and job-performance scores,________ validity has been established.
A)criterion-related
B)content
C)construct
D)procedural
E)subject

Accepted Answer

Criterion-related validity is established when there is a correlation between a test score and job performance, which means that the test is effective in predicting an individual's job performance.

Question 3

Work-sample tests are not job-specific and their generalizability is high.

Accepted Answer

Work-sample tests are typically designed to assess specific job-related skills and tasks, and therefore their generalizability may not be as high as other types of tests.

Question 4

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of concurrent validity?
A)It is an estimate of whether a validity test appears to measure a certain criterion.
B)It is performed by demonstrating that the questions or problems in a validity test are representative of situations at work.
C)It assesses the validity of a test by administering it to people already on the job and then correlating test scores with existing measures of each person's performance.
D)It seeks to establish an empirical relationship between test scores taken prior to being hired and eventual performance on the job.
E)It is the degree to which a measure is correlated with other measures that it is theoretically predicted to correlate.

Accepted Answer

Concurrent validity assesses the validity of a test by administering it to people already on the job and then correlating test scores with existing measures of each person's performance. This demonstrates whether the test can accurately predict performance on the job in real-time or at the same time as the test is administered.

Question 5

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates a perfect negative relationship?
A)−10
B)−6.67
C)+1.0
D)-1.0
E)0)0

Accepted Answer

A correlation coefficient of -1.0 indicates a perfect negative relationship. Options A and B are not valid correlation coefficients due to their magnitude and negative sign. Option C indicates a perfect positive relationship, not a negative one. Option E shows no correlation at all.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true regarding reliability and validity?
A)Reliability and validity are directly proportional to each other.
B)Reliability and validity are inversely proportional to each other.
C)Reliability of a measure is essential for it to have any validity.
D)Reliability and validity are independent of each other.
E)Reliability is a necessary and sufficient condition for validity.

Accepted Answer

Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure, while validity refers to the accuracy of a measure in assessing the intended construct. A measure could be consistent (reliable) in giving the same result every time it is administered, but if it is not measuring what it is intended to measure (invalid), then it is useless. Therefore, reliability is essential for validity, but validity is not solely dependent on reliability.

Question 7

One of the concerns regarding the use of drug tests in a workplace is the undue invasion of privacy.

Accepted Answer

Drug tests can be seen as an invasion of privacy because they require individuals to provide a bodily fluid sample, which is then screened for drugs without their consent or knowledge. This can be especially concerning for individuals who use prescription medications or substances that are legal in their state but may still show up on a drug test.

Question 8

A large-scale,independent review of validity studies suggests that paper-and-pencil honesty tests cannot predict both theft and other disruptive behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that paper-and-pencil honesty tests, while not perfect, can be moderately effective in predicting theft and other counterproductive work behaviors. These tests are designed to assess attitudes and experiences related to honesty, integrity, and reliability.

Question 9

Star Inc.,an engineering firm,has come up with a new technical test to assess the knowledge of interviewees.To assess the validity of the test,it requests that its present employees take the test and match it with their performance in the organization.Which of the following types of validation has Star Inc.used to test the validity of its new technical test?
A)Predictive validation
B)Content validation
C)Concurrent validation
D)Face validation
E)Logical validation

Accepted Answer

Star Inc. is requesting its present employees to take the test and match it with their performance in the organization at the same time. This is called concurrent validation. Predictive validation involves administering the test to job applicants and then correlating their scores with their eventual job performance. Content validation involves ensuring that the test items are relevant to the job being tested. Face validation involves expert judgment that the test appears to measure what it is intended to measure. Logical validation involves determining whether the test items make logical sense and are consistent with the job being tested.

Question 10

Which of the following validation strategies is most likely to be adversely affected by the restriction of range problem that results due to current employees being homogeneous?
A)Predictive validation
B)Concurrent validation
C)Content validation
D)Secondary validation
E)External validation

Accepted Answer

Concurrent validation is most likely to be adversely affected by the restriction of range problem when current employees are homogeneous because it involves assessing the current employees on the predictor and the criterion at the same time. If the group of employees is very similar (homogeneous), it limits the variability (range) of scores, making it harder to detect relationships between the predictor and performance.

Question 11

The Polygraph Act in 1988 permitted the use of polygraphs in employment screening.

Accepted Answer

The Polygraph Act of 1988, also known as the Employee Polygraph Protection Act (EPPA), prohibits most private employers from using lie detector tests for employment screening.

Question 12

When assessing the reliability of a measure,one might be interested in knowing how scores on the measure at one time relate to scores on the same measure at another time.This is called
A)test-interdependency.
B)test-retest reliability.
C)mutual exclusivity.
D)test utility.
E)test generalizability.

Accepted Answer

Test-retest reliability refers to the consistency of scores on the same measure over time. It specifically addresses how well scores on a measure at one time (the "test") relate to scores on the same measure at another time (the "retest"). This is important for determining whether the measure is stable and reliable over time.

Question 13

The ________ is a measure of the degree to which two sets of numbers are related.
A)utility score
B)standard deviation
C)correlation coefficient
D)validity score
E)generalizability coefficient

Accepted Answer

The correlation coefficient is specifically designed to measure the degree to which two sets of numbers are related. The other options are not directly related to measuring the relationship between sets of numbers.

Question 14

________ is the degree to which a measure is free from random error.
A)Reliability
B)Validity
C)Generalizability
D)Utility
E)Correlation

Accepted Answer

Reliability refers to the degree to which a measure consistently produces the same results over time and across different observers or raters. Random error can cause inconsistent or unreliable results, so the degree to which a measure is free from such error is a key aspect of its reliability.

Question 15

Hyung took a test assessing his editing skills as part of the interview process for an executive assistant.Based on his score,the recruiter can assume how successful Hyung will be in the job,based on ________ validity.
A)content
B)predictive
C)concurrent
D)subjective
E)logical

Accepted Answer

The question describes a situation where a test is used to predict future job success. This suggests the use of a predictive validity measure. Therefore, choice B, predictive validity, is the best option. Content validity (A) is based on expert judgment and assesses whether a test measures what it's supposed to. Concurrent validity (c) is used to establish how well a test measures an outcome that's established at the same time as the test. Subjective validity (d) is not a recognized concept in psychometrics. Logical validity (e) is also not a recognized concept in psychometrics.

Question 16

Predictive validation is superior to concurrent validation because
A)predictive validation involves contribution from many individuals.
B)job applicants often have no information about organizational culture.
C)job applicants are more motivated than an organization's employees.
D)the effort needed for predictive validation is less than for concurrent validation.
E)the time taken for predictive validation is less than for concurrent validation.

Accepted Answer

Predictive validation is superior because job applicants are more motivated, providing a more accurate assessment of how they will perform in the job.

Question 17

As part of the application process for an entry-level job after college,Isaac was given a personality test.He takes the same test as an applicant for another position 10 years later.Which of the following will likely be indicated by the results of Isaac's second test?
A)He has become more extroverted.
B)He has become more conscientious.
C)He has become less content.
D)He has become more authoritative.
E)He has become less independent.

Accepted Answer

According to research on personality development, individuals tend to become more conscientious as they age and gain more responsibilities in their lives. There is no evidence to suggest that Isaac's extroversion, contentment, authority, or independence would necessarily change significantly over a 10-year period.

Question 18

Amy is often tired at work and lacks discipline meeting deadlines.She is a conscientious employee.

Accepted Answer

Amy being often tired at work and lacking discipline in meeting deadlines contradicts with the statement of her being a conscientious employee.

Question 19

Josette is looking for a perfect positive relationship.She will know if she has found one if the correlation coefficient is
A)+1.0.
B)−1.0.
C)0)
D)+10.
E)−6.67.

Accepted Answer

A correlation coefficient of +1.0 indicates a perfect positive relationship between two variables. Therefore, if Josette finds a relationship with a correlation coefficient of +1.0, she can conclude that she has found a perfect positive relationship.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true of the reliability of a measurement?
A)A measurement is said to be reliable when only two iterations are involved in measurement.
B)Reliability refers to the measuring instrument rather than to the characteristic itself.
C)Reliability is not dependent on the attributes of the measuring instruments used.
D)Reliability indicates the degree to which two objects are related to each other.
E)Reliability indicates the extent to which performance on the measure is related to performance on the job.

Accepted Answer

Reliability refers to the consistency or stability of the measuring instrument, rather than the characteristic being measured. It is the degree to which the instrument produces consistent results when measuring the same phenomenon repeatedly. Therefore, option B is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect because two iterations are not enough to establish reliability. Option C is incorrect because reliability is dependent on the attributes of the measuring instruments used. Option D is incorrect because it refers to correlation or association between objects rather than reliability. Option E is incorrect because it refers to the validity of the measure in relation to job performance, not reliability.

Quiz 6: Selection and Placement

The extent to which performance on a measure is related to performance on the job is called

If there is a substantial correlation between test scores and job-performance scores,________ validity has been established.

Work-sample tests are not job-specific and their generalizability is high.

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of concurrent validity?

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates a perfect negative relationship?

Which of the following statements is true regarding reliability and validity?

One of the concerns regarding the use of drug tests in a workplace is the undue invasion of privacy.

A large-scale,independent review of validity studies suggests that paper-and-pencil honesty tests cannot predict both theft and other disruptive behaviors.

Which of the following validation strategies is most likely to be adversely affected by the restriction of range problem that results due to current employees being homogeneous?

The Polygraph Act in 1988 permitted the use of polygraphs in employment screening.

When assessing the reliability of a measure,one might be interested in knowing how scores on the measure at one time relate to scores on the same measure at another time.This is called

The ________ is a measure of the degree to which two sets of numbers are related.

________ is the degree to which a measure is free from random error.

Hyung took a test assessing his editing skills as part of the interview process for an executive assistant.Based on his score,the recruiter can assume how successful Hyung will be in the job,based on ________ validity.

Predictive validation is superior to concurrent validation because

As part of the application process for an entry-level job after college,Isaac was given a personality test.He takes the same test as an applicant for another position 10 years later.Which of the following will likely be indicated by the results of Isaac's second test?

Amy is often tired at work and lacks discipline meeting deadlines.She is a conscientious employee.

Josette is looking for a perfect positive relationship.She will know if she has found one if the correlation coefficient is

Which of the following statements is true of the reliability of a measurement?