Question 1

________________ binds to β-andrenergic receptors.

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine or adrenaline

Question 2

The ________________ receptor undergoes dimerization and cross-phosphorylation when activated.

Accepted Answer

EGF

Question 3

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The enzyme that becomes active when bound to cAMP is ____________. A)protein kinase A (PKA) B)calmodulin C)fatty acids D)proto-oncogene E)R₂C₂ F)R₁C₂ G)cAMP H)phospholipase C I)protein kinase C (PKC) J)epinephrine K)oncogene L)small G proteins

Accepted Answer

Protein kinase A (PKA) becomes active when it is bound to cyclic AMP (cAMP), which serves as a second messenger in various signaling pathways.

Question 4

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -Ras is a member of the ____________ family of proteins. A)protein kinase A (PKA) B)calmodulin C)fatty acids D)proto-oncogene E)R₂C₂ F)R₁C₂ G)cAMP H)phospholipase C I)protein kinase C (PKC) J)epinephrine K)oncogene L)small G proteins

Accepted Answer

The answer of Choose the correct answer from the list...

Question 5

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The inactive form of protein kinase A is ____________. A)protein kinase A (PKA) B)calmodulin C)fatty acids D)proto-oncogene E)R₂C₂ F)R₁C₂ G)cAMP H)phospholipase C I)protein kinase C (PKC) J)epinephrine K)oncogene L)small G proteins

Accepted Answer

The inactive form of protein kinase A (PKA) is a tetramer composed of two regulatory (R) subunits and two catalytic (C) subunits, denoted as R₂C₂.

Question 6

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The ____________ molecule functions as a secondary messenger. A)protein kinase A (PKA) B)calmodulin C)fatty acids D)proto-oncogene E)R₂C₂ F)R₁C₂ G)cAMP H)phospholipase C I)protein kinase C (PKC) J)epinephrine K)oncogene L)small G proteins

Accepted Answer

cAMP functions as a secondary messenger in various biological processes, transmitting signals from the cell surface to the inside of the cell.

Question 7

The cytosolic side, or β subunit, of the insulin receptor is a ________________ kinase.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The cytosolic side, or β subunit, of...

Question 8

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________: The ɑ and subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins are anchored to the cell membrane by being covalently linked to these types of molecule. A)protein kinase A (PKA) B)calmodulin C)fatty acids D)proto-oncogene E)R₂C₂ F)R₁C₂ G)cAMP H)phospholipase C I)protein kinase C (PKC) J)epinephrine K)oncogene L)small G proteins

Accepted Answer

The α and βγ subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins are anchored to the cell membrane through covalent linkage to fatty acids, such as myristoyl or palmitoyl groups.

Question 9

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________: A gene that leads to the transformation of susceptible cell types into cell types with cancer-like characteristics. A)protein kinase A (PKA) B)calmodulin C)fatty acids D)proto-oncogene E)R₂C₂ F)R₁C₂ G)cAMP H)phospholipase C I)protein kinase C (PKC) J)epinephrine K)oncogene L)small G proteins

Accepted Answer

Oncogenes are genes that, when mutated or expressed at high levels, can transform a normal cell into a cancerous cell.

Question 10

The ________________ is a calcium-binding unit in many proteins and is characterized by a helix-loop-helix structure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________________ is a calcium-binding unit in...

Question 11

________________ is the membrane protein that catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cAMP.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________________ is the membrane protein that catalyzes...

Question 12

________________ is a secondary messenger and is abbreviated IP3.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________________ is a secondary messenger and is...

Question 13

The binding of IP3 to the IP3 receptor results in the release of ________________ from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The binding of IP3 to the IP3...

Question 14

When activated, the insulin receptor results in the mobilization of ________________ transporters to the cell surface.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When activated, the insulin receptor results in...

Question 15

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The ____________ enzyme becomes active when bound to Ca2+ and diacylglycerol. A)protein kinase A (PKA) B)calmodulin C)fatty acids D)proto-oncogene E)R₂C₂ F)R₁C₂ G)cAMP H)phospholipase C I)protein kinase C (PKC) J)epinephrine K)oncogene L)small G proteins

Accepted Answer

Protein kinase C (PKC) becomes active when it is bound to calcium ions (Ca2+) and diacylglycerol, which are second messengers in signal transduction pathways.

Question 16

Protein kinase A phosphorylates serine and ________________ residues.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Protein kinase A phosphorylates serine and ________________...

Question 17

7TM is an abbreviation for ________________ receptors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of 7TM is an abbreviation for ________________ receptors....

Question 18

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________: The enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of PIP2. A)protein kinase A (PKA) B)calmodulin C)fatty acids D)proto-oncogene E)R₂C₂ F)R₁C₂ G)cAMP H)phospholipase C I)protein kinase C (PKC) J)epinephrine K)oncogene L)small G proteins

Accepted Answer

Phospholipase C is the enzyme responsible for the cleavage of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3).

Question 19

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________: The primary messenger responsible for the "fight or flight" response. A)protein kinase A (PKA) B)calmodulin C)fatty acids D)proto-oncogene E)R₂C₂ F)R₁C₂ G)cAMP H)phospholipase C I)protein kinase C (PKC) J)epinephrine K)oncogene L)small G proteins

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is the primary hormone responsible for mediating the "fight or flight" response in the body.

Question 20

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The ____________ protein binds to calcium ions and serves as a Ca2+ sensor in eukaryotic cells. A)protein kinase A (PKA) B)calmodulin C)fatty acids D)proto-oncogene E)R₂C₂ F)R₁C₂ G)cAMP H)phospholipase C I)protein kinase C (PKC) J)epinephrine K)oncogene L)small G proteins

Accepted Answer

Calmodulin is known for its role in binding calcium ions, which allows it to function as a calcium sensor and mediator of calcium signaling in eukaryotic cells.

Quiz 13: Signal Transduction Pathways

________________ binds to β-andrenergic receptors.

The ________________ receptor undergoes dimerization and cross-phosphorylation when activated.

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The enzyme that becomes active when bound to cAMP is ____________.

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -Ras is a member of the ____________ family of proteins.

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The inactive form of protein kinase A is ____________.

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The ____________ molecule functions as a secondary messenger.

The cytosolic side, or β subunit, of the insulin receptor is a ________________ kinase.

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________: The ɑ and subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins are anchored to the cell membrane by being covalently linked to these types of molecule.

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________: A gene that leads to the transformation of susceptible cell types into cell types with cancer-like characteristics.

The ________________ is a calcium-binding unit in many proteins and is characterized by a helix-loop-helix structure.

________________ is the membrane protein that catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cAMP.

________________ is a secondary messenger and is abbreviated IP3.

The binding of IP3 to the IP3 receptor results in the release of ________________ from the endoplasmic reticulum.

When activated, the insulin receptor results in the mobilization of ________________ transporters to the cell surface.

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The ____________ enzyme becomes active when bound to Ca2+ and diacylglycerol.

Protein kinase A phosphorylates serine and ________________ residues.

7TM is an abbreviation for ________________ receptors.

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________: The enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of PIP2.

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________: The primary messenger responsible for the "fight or flight" response.

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The ____________ protein binds to calcium ions and serves as a Ca2+ sensor in eukaryotic cells.