Question 1

Agonist is to antagonist as:
A)lock is to key.
B)block is to mimic.
C)enhance is to interfere.
D)stimulant is to depressant.

Accepted Answer

An agonist is a substance that enhances or increases the activity of a receptor, while an antagonist is a substance that interferes or inhibits the activity of a receptor. Thus, the relationship between agonist and antagonist can be compared to that of enhance and interfere. Choice A, lock is to key, is not a suitable comparison as the two are not opposing forces. Choice B, block is to mimic, does not accurately reflect the relationship between agonist and antagonist. Choice D, stimulant is to depressant, represents a different type of relationship where the two are opposing forces.

Question 2

Drugs that enhance GABA are used in treating:
A)seizures.
B)Alzheimer's disease.
C)schizophrenia.
D)Parkinson's disease.

Accepted Answer

Drugs that enhance GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) are commonly used in treating seizures, as GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps to prevent excessive electrical activity in the brain. Drugs like benzodiazepines and barbiturates work by enhancing the effects of GABA and are often used as anticonvulsants. Drugs that enhance GABA are not typically used to treat Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, or Parkinson's disease.

Question 3

A(n)_____ is a drug that blocks the action of a neurotransmitter.
A)depressant
B)inhibitor
C)agonist
D)antagonist

Accepted Answer

An antagonist is a drug that blocks or inhibits the action of a neurotransmitter. Therefore, the best choice is D, antagonist.

Question 4

High levels of which neurotransmitter have been implicated in schizophrenia?
A)endorphins
B)acetylcholine
C)dopamine
D)norepinephrine

Accepted Answer

High levels of dopamine have been implicated in schizophrenia.

Question 5

An air-traffic controller must sustain her concentration for hours at a time in order to monitor arrivals and departures to prevent accidents.The activity of which neurotransmitter is underlying her vigilance?
A)GABA
B)endorphins
C)dopamine
D)norepinephrine

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter associated with vigilance and sustained attention. It is released in response to stressful or arousing situations and helps to increase arousal, alertness, and focus. This makes it the most fitting choice for the air-traffic controller's job.

Question 6

An absentminded professor accidentally locks his filing cabinet and does not have a key.Desperate to get it open,he uses a paperclip to pick the lock.The paperclip is functioning in a manner similar to the _____ functions of a drug _____.
A)mimicking;antagonist
B)mimicking;agonist
C)blocking;agonist
D)blocking;antagonist

Accepted Answer

The paperclip is mimicking the function of a key to unlock the filing cabinet, just like how an agonist drug mimics the function of a natural neurotransmitter to activate a receptor site.

Question 7

Agonist is to antagonist as:
A)lock is to key.
B)mimic is to block.
C)interfere is to enhance.
D)stimulant is to depressant.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Agonist is to antagonist as:
A)lock is to...

Question 8

Researchers studying opiates such as morphine were surprised that they fit exactly into neural receptors.The reason is that the brain produces its own version of an opiate for pain relief,called:
A)norepinephrine.
B)endorphins.
C)serotonin.
D)opium.

Accepted Answer

The brain produces its own version of an opiate for pain relief called endorphins. This is why opiates such as morphine fit exactly into neural receptors - because these receptors are designed to recognize and respond to endorphins.

Question 9

Which is/are the body's natural painkiller(s)?
A)dopamine
B)endorphins
C)serotonin
D)opium

Accepted Answer

Endorphins are the body's natural painkillers. They are produced in response to pain or stress and act on the same receptors in the brain as opioids like morphine. Dopamine and serotonin are neurotransmitters that play a role in mood and pleasure but are not natural painkillers. Opium is a drug derived from the poppy plant and is not produced by the body.

Question 10

Lynn suffers from frequent seizures,and doctors suspect that they might be occurring because of unusually high levels of which neurotransmitter?
A)glutamate
B)endorphins
C)dopamine
D)GABA

Accepted Answer

Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, and unusually high levels can lead to overexcitation of neurons, potentially causing seizures.

Question 11

Jamming a lock such that the key will no longer open it is essentially what a drug _____ does at the receptor.
A)blocker
B)depressant
C)agonist
D)antagonist

Accepted Answer

An antagonist binds to a receptor and blocks the binding of an agonist, effectively "jamming" the lock so that the normal ligand or neurotransmitter can no longer activate it. This is analogous to jamming a physical lock so that the key will no longer work. Blockers and depressants do not necessarily prevent activation of a receptor, and agonists activate rather than block receptors.

Question 12

Low levels of which neurotransmitter have been implicated in Parkinson's disease?
A)glutamate
B)acetylcholine
C)serotonin
D)dopamine

Accepted Answer

Low levels of dopamine have been implicated in Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain, leading to a decrease in dopamine levels in the brain.

Question 13

Every morning after a vigorous workout in which he swims laps at the local YMCA,Jim feels great.His aches and pains are reduced and his mood is elevated.This is probably due to the release of _____ in the brain.
A)glutamate
B)endorphins
C)dopamine
D)acetylcholine

Accepted Answer

Endorphins are endogenous opioid neuropeptides that are released during exercise and have been shown to reduce pain and improve mood. Therefore, the release of endorphins is likely contributing to Jim's reduced aches and pains and elevated mood after his workout. Glutamate, dopamine, and acetylcholine are also neurotransmitters, but are not specifically related to the effects of exercise on pain and mood.

Question 14

_____ is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.
A)Glutamate
B)GABA
C)Serotonin
D)Dopamine

Accepted Answer

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. It works by binding to specific receptors on neurons, causing them to become less excitable and reducing the transmission of signals between neurons. This helps to maintain a balance between excitation and inhibition in the brain, which is important for normal brain function. Glutamate is actually the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Serotonin and dopamine are both important neurotransmitters, but they have different functions than GABA.

Question 15

The actor Michael J.Fox suffers from Parkinson's disease,and John Nash,subject of the movie A Beautiful Mind,suffered from schizophrenia.The brains of both men can be expected to have _____ levels of dopamine.
A)extremely high
B)extremely low
C)normal
D)abnormal

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease is associated with low levels of dopamine due to the death of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia nigra, part of the brain. Schizophrenia, on the other hand, is often associated with high levels of dopamine or an increased sensitivity to dopamine in certain areas of the brain. Thus, both conditions involve abnormal dopamine levels, but in opposite directions.

Question 16

Low levels of both _____ and _____ have been implicated as contributory factors in mood disorders.
A)norepinephrine;acetylcholine
B)endorphins;serotonin
C)GABA;serotonin
D)norepinephrine;serotonin

Accepted Answer

Low levels of both norepinephrine and serotonin have been implicated in contributing to mood disorders. Norepinephrine is involved in the body's stress response and low levels can contribute to depression, while serotonin is involved in regulating mood and low levels can also be a factor in depression.

Question 17

A(n)_____ is a drug that increases the action of a neurotransmitter.
A)mimicker
B)protagonist
C)agonist
D)antagonist

Accepted Answer

An agonist is a drug that increases the action of a neurotransmitter by binding to and activating the receptor sites on the postsynaptic neuron. Mimickers are substances that resemble a neurotransmitter, but may not necessarily increase its action. Protagonists are main characters in a story, and not related to neurotransmitters or drugs. Antagonists are drugs that bind to and block the receptor sites, reducing the action of a neurotransmitter.

Question 18

The neurotransmitter that influences eating,sleep,wakefulness,and aggressive behavior is:
A)serotonin.
B)endorphins.
C)dopamine.
D)norepinephrine.

Accepted Answer

Serotonin has been identified as a neurotransmitter that plays a role in regulating sleep, appetite and aggression, as well as mood and anxiety. It is also involved in the regulation of the body's internal clock, which controls wakefulness and sleep cycles.

Question 19

Drugs such as LSD produce their hallucinogenic effects by profoundly altering the activity of the _____ system.
A)serotonin
B)acetylcholine
C)opiate
D)dopamine

Accepted Answer

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is involved in regulating mood, appetite, and sensory perception. Drugs such as LSD affect the activity of serotonin receptors in the brain, leading to altered sensory perception and the hallucinogenic effects associated with the drug.

Question 20

A sharpshooter in a war combat zone is monitoring a busy street for his enemy target.He will have only one chance to take out his target;thus,he is scanning the street with extreme vigilance.The activity of which neurotransmitter is underlying his alertness?
A)GABA
B)endorphins
C)dopamine
D)norepinephrine

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that is responsible for alertness, attention, and vigilance. It is released during times of stress or perceived danger, such as being in a war combat zone. The sharpshooter's vigilance and alertness are likely due to the activity of norepinephrine. GABA and endorphins are not associated with alertness and vigilance, and dopamine is more closely related to motivation and reward-seeking behavior rather than vigilance.

Quiz 3: Neuroscience and Behavior-Part A

Agonist is to antagonist as:

Drugs that enhance GABA are used in treating:

A(n) _____ is a drug that blocks the action of a neurotransmitter.

High levels of which neurotransmitter have been implicated in schizophrenia?

An air-traffic controller must sustain her concentration for hours at a time in order to monitor arrivals and departures to prevent accidents.The activity of which neurotransmitter is underlying her vigilance?

An absentminded professor accidentally locks his filing cabinet and does not have a key.Desperate to get it open,he uses a paperclip to pick the lock.The paperclip is functioning in a manner similar to the _ functions of a drug _.

Agonist is to antagonist as:

Researchers studying opiates such as morphine were surprised that they fit exactly into neural receptors.The reason is that the brain produces its own version of an opiate for pain relief,called:

Which is/are the body's natural painkiller(s) ?

Lynn suffers from frequent seizures,and doctors suspect that they might be occurring because of unusually high levels of which neurotransmitter?

Jamming a lock such that the key will no longer open it is essentially what a drug _____ does at the receptor.

Low levels of which neurotransmitter have been implicated in Parkinson's disease?

Every morning after a vigorous workout in which he swims laps at the local YMCA,Jim feels great.His aches and pains are reduced and his mood is elevated.This is probably due to the release of _____ in the brain.

_____ is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.

The actor Michael J.Fox suffers from Parkinson's disease,and John Nash,subject of the movie A Beautiful Mind,suffered from schizophrenia.The brains of both men can be expected to have _____ levels of dopamine.

Low levels of both _ and _ have been implicated as contributory factors in mood disorders.

A(n) _____ is a drug that increases the action of a neurotransmitter.

The neurotransmitter that influences eating,sleep,wakefulness,and aggressive behavior is:

Drugs such as LSD produce their hallucinogenic effects by profoundly altering the activity of the _____ system.

A sharpshooter in a war combat zone is monitoring a busy street for his enemy target.He will have only one chance to take out his target;thus,he is scanning the street with extreme vigilance.The activity of which neurotransmitter is underlying his alertness?