Question 1

Amelia is studying for her upcoming mathematics exam by mixing problem types during the same study session.For example,she might do a few route calculations,followed by a proof,followed by a few word problems.This form of studying is termed:
A)distributed practice.
B)interleaved practice.
C)elaborative interrogation.
D)practice testing.

Accepted Answer

Amelia is using interleaved practice, which involves mixing different types of problems during the same study session. This has been shown to be more effective for long-term retention and application of knowledge compared to massed practice, where one type of problem is repeatedly practiced in one session. Distributed practice (A) involves spreading out study sessions over time, elaborative interrogation (C) involves asking oneself why and how questions about the material, and practice testing (D) involves testing oneself on the material to improve retention and retrieval. While these are all effective study strategies, they are not specifically described in the scenario given.

Question 2

Which statement about learning artificial grammar is TRUE?
A)Participants usually can verbally express 60-70% of the grammatical rules.
B)Learning the grammatical rules is explicit;using them is implicit.
C)If participants cannot explicitly state a grammatical rule,they usually violate it.
D)Participants implicitly learn artificial grammar without being cognizant of the actual grammatical rules.

Accepted Answer

Various studies have shown that participants can implicitly learn the artificial grammar rules without being aware of them. This means that they may not be able to verbally express the rules, but they are still able to apply them correctly when presented with new sequences.

Question 3

Which technique is MOST effective for learning school-related material?
A)practice testing
B)visual imagery mnemonics
C)marking important material while reading
D)writing summaries of to-be-learned material

Accepted Answer

Practice testing has been shown to be the most effective technique for learning school-related material. This involves actively retrieving information from memory through techniques such as flashcards or taking practice quizzes. This not only reinforces the information, but also helps identify areas that may need further review. Visual imagery mnemonics, marking important material, and writing summaries can also be helpful, but practice testing has consistently been shown to be the most effective.

Question 4

Deficits in implicit learning have been linked to:
A)autism.
B)amnesia.
C)dyslexia.
D)schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Deficits in implicit learning have been linked...

Question 5

The fact that persons experiencing amnesia do not show deficits in implicit learning suggests that _____ is NOT involved in implicit learning.
A)the motor cortex
B)the temporal lobe
C)the hippocampus
D)Broca's area

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is known to play a critical role in the formation of explicit, conscious memories, but not in implicit learning. Therefore, the fact that individuals with amnesia (who have damage to the hippocampus) show intact implicit learning supports the idea that the hippocampus is not necessary for implicit learning to occur. The other brain areas listed (motor cortex, temporal lobe, Broca's area) are not directly involved in implicit learning, but they may contribute to specific aspects of implicit learning, such as sensorimotor integration or language processing.

Question 6

Which technique is LEAST effective for learning school-related material?
A)distributed practice
B)visual imagery mnemonics
C)practice testing
D)self-explanation

Accepted Answer

Visual imagery mnemonics may be helpful in some contexts, but they are generally considered to be the least effective of the techniques mentioned for learning school-related material. Distributed practice, practice testing, and self-explanation have strong research support for enhancing retention and understanding of academic subjects.

Question 7

In recent research on neural pathways during implicit and explicit learning,participants who were given explicit instructions showed increased activity in the _____,whereas those given implicit instructions showed decreased activity in the _____.
A)prefrontal cortex and parietal cortex;hippocampus
B)occipital lobe;hippocampus
C)prefrontal cortex and hippocampus;occipital lobe
D)hippocampus and occipital lobe;prefrontal cortex and parietal cortex

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex and hippocampus are involved in explicit learning, while the occipital lobe is involved in visual processing and would not show significant changes based on instructions given. Therefore, participants given explicit instructions would show increased activity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, while those given implicit instructions would show decreased activity in these areas. The parietal cortex is also involved in explicit learning, but it was not paired with the hippocampus in any of the answer choices.

Question 8

Which statement about implicit learning is TRUE?
A)People differ significantly on implicit tasks.
B)Implicit learning appears to be related to IQ.
C)Implicit learning changes little across the life span.
D)Amnesiacs have profound deficits in implicit learning.

Accepted Answer

Implicit learning, the process of learning complex information in an incidental manner without awareness of what has been learned, shows remarkable stability across the life span. Unlike explicit learning, which can be affected by cognitive decline, implicit learning capabilities remain relatively constant, indicating that it is a fundamental aspect of human cognition that is less susceptible to aging and other factors that typically influence learning abilities.

Question 9

Distributed practice is better than massed practice is for:
A)college students but not for children.
B)matching names to faces but not for remembering facts from textbooks.
C)remembering facts from textbooks but not for matching names to faces.
D)numerous kinds of materials.

Accepted Answer

Distributed practice, which involves spreading out study sessions over time, is generally more effective than massed practice (cramming) for a wide variety of learning tasks and materials, including both remembering facts from textbooks and matching names to faces.

Question 10

Roser and colleagues (2015)speculate that adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)outperform controls on implicit spatial relationship tasks because adults with ASD:
A)treated the visual display as a unified whole.
B)focused on local relations between objects in the visual display.
C)attempted to give meaning to the objects in the visual display.
D)encoded the objects sequentially,rather than spatially.

Accepted Answer

The researchers suggest that adults with ASD perform better on implicit spatial relationship tasks due to their tendency to focus on local relations between objects in the visual display, rather than treating the display as a unified whole or attempting to give meaning to the objects. This suggests that they may process visual information differently than non-autistic individuals, with a focus on local details rather than global features.

Question 11

Which technique is LEAST effective for learning school-related material?
A)rereading
B)distributed practice
C)practice testing
D)self-explanation

Accepted Answer

Rereading may be the least effective technique for learning school-related material as it does not actively engage the brain in processing and recalling information. It may also result in an illusion of fluency, where individuals may feel that they have learned the material well but are not able to recall it when needed. Instead, effective study techniques such as practice testing and distributed practice may be more helpful as they engage active retrieval and promote long-term memory retention.

Question 12

Sarah wants to learn French to prepare for an upcoming Paris vacation.She buys an English-to-French dictionary and begins memorizing words.This BEST illustrates:
A)implicit learning.
B)explicit learning.
C)the cognitive aspects of operant conditioning.
D)the acquisition of an artificial grammar.

Accepted Answer

Sarah's intentional acquisition of knowledge through memorization of words denotes explicit learning.

Question 13

Roser and colleagues (2015)conducted a study in which they studied the formation of implicit spatial relationships in both teenagers and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)and age-matched controls.Which statement about their findings is TRUE?
A)Persons with ASD demonstrated deficits on this task.
B)Persons with ASD demonstrated enhanced implicit learning and,surprisingly,were explicitly aware of these learned spatial relationships.
C)Adults with ASD demonstrated enhanced implicit but not explicit learning.
D)Teenagers with ASD demonstrated enhanced implicit but not explicit learning.

Accepted Answer

Adults with ASD demonstrated enhanced implicit learning but did not show explicit awareness of the learned spatial relationships, according to the findings of Roser and colleagues (2015).

Question 14

Which technique is MOST effective for learning school-related material?
A)elaborative interrogation
B)visual imagery mnemonics
C)marking important material while reading
D)distributed practice

Accepted Answer

Distributed practice, or spacing out learning over time, has been shown to be the most effective technique for learning school-related material. This allows for better retention and retrieval of information, compared to cramming all at once. Elaborative interrogation, visual imagery mnemonics, and marking important material also have benefits, but they are generally less effective than distributed practice.

Question 15

Which statement about implicit learning in patients suffering from psychosis and college students is TRUE?
A)Implicit learning is greater in college students.
B)Implicit learning is greater in patients suffering from psychosis.
C)There are large individual differences in implicit learning among patients with psychosis but few in college students.
D)Implicit learning is about the same in college students and patients with psychosis.

Accepted Answer

Implicit learning capabilities are generally found to be similar across different populations, including college students and patients suffering from psychosis. This suggests that the ability to learn implicitly, or without conscious awareness, is relatively stable across these groups despite the cognitive differences that might exist due to psychosis.

Question 16

Benjamin recently moved to Mexico.Although he did not know how to speak Spanish,within a few weeks,he was speaking grammatically correct sentences,even though he couldn't articulate the grammatical rules.This BEST illustrates:
A)implicit learning.
B)habituation.
C)the cognitive aspects of operant conditioning.
D)the acquisition of an artificial grammar.

Accepted Answer

Benjamin's ability to learn Spanish without directly studying grammar rules or receiving explicit instruction suggests that he acquired the language implicitly, through exposure and practice. This is characteristic of implicit learning, a process in which knowledge or skills are acquired unconsciously, without the typical conscious effort involved in intentional learning.

Question 17

Recent brain imagining research has shown that _____ is activated during artificial grammar learning and the _____ cortex is activated during sequence learning on serial reaction time tasks.
A)Broca's area;motor
B)Wernicke's area;prefrontal
C)the prefrontal cortex;occipital
D)the occipital cortex;motor

Accepted Answer

Broca's area is known for its involvement in language processing and is activated during artificial grammar learning. The motor cortex is involved in controlling movements and is activated during sequence learning tasks that require motor responses.

Question 18

Cramming for exams is an example of:
A)distributed practice.
B)massed practice.
C)implicit practice.
D)practice testing.

Accepted Answer

Cramming for exams is an example of massed practice, which involves extensive study and practice of a skill or material in a short amount of time, often just before an exam or performance. It has been shown to be less effective than distributed practice, which involves spacing out study and practice over longer periods of time. Implicit practice refers to learning by doing, without necessarily being aware of the specific strategies or techniques involved, while practice testing involves practicing retrieval of information from memory.

Question 19

Participants who are studied under a serial reaction time test are shown five boxes on a computer screen.When a box lights up,they are to click it as quickly as possible.The boxes seemingly light up at random,but a pattern exists.Over time,participants respond more _____ on this task _____ of the pattern.
A)slowly;and are unaware
B)carefully;and become aware
C)quickly;but are unaware
D)quickly;and become aware

Accepted Answer

Participants respond more quickly over time as they subconsciously learn the pattern, even though they might not be consciously aware of it. This demonstrates implicit learning.

Question 20

Which statement about implicit learning is TRUE?
A)Implicit learning has been demonstrated in infants.
B)Autistic adults show pronounced deficits in implicit learning.
C)The rate of implicit learning slows considerably in old age.
D)There are large individual differences in the rate of implicit learning.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that infants exhibit implicit learning abilities, indicating that it is an early developing cognitive process.

Quiz 7: Learning-Part A

Amelia is studying for her upcoming mathematics exam by mixing problem types during the same study session.For example,she might do a few route calculations,followed by a proof,followed by a few word problems.This form of studying is termed:

Which statement about learning artificial grammar is TRUE?

Which technique is MOST effective for learning school-related material?

Deficits in implicit learning have been linked to:

The fact that persons experiencing amnesia do not show deficits in implicit learning suggests that _____ is NOT involved in implicit learning.

Which technique is LEAST effective for learning school-related material?

In recent research on neural pathways during implicit and explicit learning,participants who were given explicit instructions showed increased activity in the _,whereas those given implicit instructions showed decreased activity in the _.

Which statement about implicit learning is TRUE?

Distributed practice is better than massed practice is for:

Roser and colleagues (2015) speculate that adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) outperform controls on implicit spatial relationship tasks because adults with ASD:

Which technique is LEAST effective for learning school-related material?

Sarah wants to learn French to prepare for an upcoming Paris vacation.She buys an English-to-French dictionary and begins memorizing words.This BEST illustrates:

Roser and colleagues (2015) conducted a study in which they studied the formation of implicit spatial relationships in both teenagers and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and age-matched controls.Which statement about their findings is TRUE?

Which technique is MOST effective for learning school-related material?

Which statement about implicit learning in patients suffering from psychosis and college students is TRUE?

Benjamin recently moved to Mexico.Although he did not know how to speak Spanish,within a few weeks,he was speaking grammatically correct sentences,even though he couldn't articulate the grammatical rules.This BEST illustrates:

Recent brain imagining research has shown that _ is activated during artificial grammar learning and the _ cortex is activated during sequence learning on serial reaction time tasks.

Cramming for exams is an example of:

Participants who are studied under a serial reaction time test are shown five boxes on a computer screen.When a box lights up,they are to click it as quickly as possible.The boxes seemingly light up at random,but a pattern exists.Over time,participants respond more _ on this task _ of the pattern.

Which statement about implicit learning is TRUE?