Question 1

Which statement about leptin is TRUE?
A)It is produced in the stomach.
B)It signals the brain to switch hunger on.
C)When injected into rats,it leads to obesity.
D)It decreases the reinforcing value of food.

Accepted Answer

Leptin is a hormone produced by fat cells that signals to the brain to decrease hunger and increase energy expenditure. It does not increase hunger (as stated in option B) and does not lead to obesity (as stated in option C). Additionally, it does not come from the stomach (as stated in option A). Research has shown that leptin can decrease the reinforcing value of food, meaning that it reduces the pleasure and desire associated with eating, which may contribute to decreased food intake and weight loss.

Question 2

Jean frequently eats unusually large amounts of snack foods and then makes herself vomit.It is likely that Jean is suffering from:
A)binge eating disorder.
B)impaired thyroid activity.
C)anorexia nervosa.
D)bulimia nervosa.

Accepted Answer

Jean's behavior of eating unusually large amounts of snack foods and then making herself vomit is a characteristic symptom of bulimia nervosa. Binge eating disorder involves recurrent episodes of binge eating without compensatory behaviors, while anorexia nervosa involves severe restriction of food intake and fear of gaining weight. Impaired thyroid activity may lead to weight gain, but it is not the most likely explanation for Jean's behavior.

Question 3

When the lateral hypothalamus is destroyed,rats will:
A)press a bar for food to the point of exhaustion.
B)overeat to the point of regurgitation.
C)starve to death in a cage full of food.
D)eat excessive amounts of sugary food but avoid foods high in protein.

Accepted Answer

When the lateral hypothalamus is destroyed, rats will stop eating and starve to death in a cage full of food. The lateral hypothalamus is responsible for regulating hunger and initiating eating behavior, so its destruction results in a loss of appetite. Option A is incorrect because without the lateral hypothalamus, rats will not press the bar for food to the point of exhaustion. Option B is incorrect because while rats may overeat initially, they would eventually stop eating altogether without the lateral hypothalamus. Option D is incorrect because the lateral hypothalamus is not responsible for regulating food preference, only hunger and appetite.

Question 4

A person injected with ghrelin might be expected to:
A)become extremely thirsty but not necessarily hungry.
B)shun food,even after going several days without it.
C)become intensely hungry.
D)experience slight increases in hunger accompanied by an insatiable thirst.

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin is known as the "hunger hormone" because it stimulates appetite and enhances food intake. Therefore, a person injected with ghrelin might be expected to experience intense hunger.

Question 5

After binging and consuming an entire pizza,Kristin takes a number of laxatives so that she purges the calories the next morning.Kristin routinely does this and probably suffers from:
A)binge eating disorder.
B)impaired thyroid activity.
C)anorexia nervosa.
D)bulimia nervosa.

Accepted Answer

Kristin's behavior of binge eating followed by purging through the use of laxatives is characteristic of bulimia nervosa. Binge eating disorder involves recurrent episodes of binge eating without compensatory behaviors such as purging. Impaired thyroid activity would not be a likely diagnosis based on the information given. Anorexia nervosa involves restrictive eating patterns and a distorted body image, and does not typically involve binge eating behaviors.

Question 6

The lateral hypothalamus in Jacob's brain just received an orexigenic signal.Jacob probably:
A)just finished a large meal consisting of predominantly protein and fat.
B)just finished a large mean consisting of predominantly carbohydrates.
C)has gone a number of hours without eating.
D)just ate something that he finds disgusting.

Accepted Answer

The lateral hypothalamus is responsible for regulating hunger and food intake. An orexigenic signal is a signal that stimulates hunger and increases food intake. If Jacob's lateral hypothalamus just received an orexigenic signal, it means that he is likely hungry and may have gone a number of hours without eating. Therefore, the best choice is C.

Question 7

Gisela is anorexic.It is NOT likely that she can be described as:
A)high-achieving.
B)impulsive.
C)being a perfectionist.
D)having a distorted body image.

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa is often associated with perfectionism, distorted body image, and high-achieving behavior. However, impulsivity is not a common characteristic of anorexia nervosa.

Question 8

Who is MOST at risk for anorexia?
A)Ryan,a 16-year-old on the swim team
B)Lauren,a 45-year-old who has problems controlling her impulses
C)Melissa,a 16-year-old who makes top grades in all her classes
D)Adam,a 30-year-old salesman who is looking for a serious relationship

Accepted Answer

Anorexia is most common among teenagers and young adults, particularly in those who are high achievers or perfectionists, making Melissa, a 16-year-old who makes top grades, the most at risk.

Question 9

After Randy followed a hearty dinner with two pieces of lemon meringue pie,it's likely that his body sent a(n)_____ signal to his _____ hypothalamus.
A)anorexigenic;lateral
B)orexigenic;lateral
C)anorexigenic;ventromedial
D)orexigenic;ventromedial

Accepted Answer

After eating a large meal, the body typically sends signals to suppress further eating. These signals are known as anorexigenic signals. The ventromedial hypothalamus is the part of the brain that, when activated, causes feelings of satiety and suppresses the desire to eat. Therefore, after a hearty dinner and dessert, Randy's body would likely send an anorexigenic signal to his ventromedial hypothalamus to indicate that he is full and to stop eating.

Question 10

The ventromedial hypothalamus in Mia's brain just received an anorexigenic signal.Mia probably:
A)just finished eating dessert after a large meal.
B)just saw a commercial featuring sugary desserts.
C)just smelled a warm apple pie.
D)has not eaten for a number of hours.

Accepted Answer

An anorexigenic signal in the ventromedial hypothalamus promotes feelings of satiety or fullness, which is likely to occur after consuming a large meal, including dessert. This part of the brain helps regulate energy homeostasis by signaling when to stop eating.

Question 11

Bulimia and anorexia affect about _____% of the population.
A)0.01
B)0.1
C)1
D)10

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bulimia and anorexia affect about _____% of...

Question 12

Erin is severely dieting,despite the fact that she appears emaciated.Erin believes she can stand to lose several more pounds and thus maintains an extremely restricted caloric intake.Erin MOST likely suffers from:
A)ghrelin deficiency syndrome.
B)a metabolic disorder.
C)anorexia nervosa.
D)bulimia nervosa.

Accepted Answer

Erin's behavior is consistent with the symptoms of anorexia nervosa, which is characterized by restricted food intake, an intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted body image. People with anorexia may see themselves as overweight, even when they are severely underweight, and continue to diet to dangerous levels. The other options (A, B, and D) do not align with Erin's symptoms.

Question 13

Holly is a severely underweight seventh-grader who nonetheless believes she is fat.It is likely that Holly is suffering from:
A)ghrelin deficiency syndrome.
B)a metabolic disorder.
C)anorexia nervosa.
D)bulimia nervosa.

Accepted Answer

Holly's belief that she is fat despite being severely underweight is a common symptom of anorexia nervosa, an eating disorder characterized by a distorted body image and an obsessive fear of gaining weight. Ghrelin deficiency syndrome and metabolic disorders are not commonly associated with such symptoms, while bulimia nervosa typically involves periods of binge eating followed by purging, which is not mentioned in the scenario.

Question 14

Which statement about leptin is TRUE?
A)It is secreted by fat cells.
B)It signals the brain to switch hunger on.
C)When injected into rats,it leads to obesity.
D)It increases the reinforcing value of food.

Accepted Answer

Leptin is a hormone that is secreted by fat cells.

Question 15

America's most damaging and common eating-related problem is:
A)high-protein diets.
B)anorexia nervosa.
C)bulimia nervosa.
D)obesity.

Accepted Answer

Obesity is the most damaging and common eating-related problem in America. It leads to a range of health problems such as diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and certain cancers. The other options listed (high-protein diets, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa) are also concerning, but they are less prevalent and less damaging on a population-wide scale compared to obesity.

Question 16

Following a major cerebral vascular accident,Sean became very obese.In investigating the cause of the obesity,the physician may determine that the _____ was damaged in the accident.
A)ventromedial hypothalamus
B)ventral occipital area
C)ventrolateral area of the thalamus
D)lateral hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

The ventromedial hypothalamus plays a role in regulating appetite and satiety. Damage to this area can result in hyperphagia and obesity. Therefore, it is likely that Sean's obesity is a result of damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus after his cerebral vascular accident. The other options listed do not have a direct role in regulating appetite and satiety.

Question 17

A person whose body mass index is over _____ would be defined as obese.
A)10
B)20
C)30
D)40

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a BMI of 30 or higher is considered obese.

Question 18

Anorexigenic is to orexigenic as:
A)ghrelin is to leptin.
B)satiety is to hunger.
C)lateral hypothalamus is to ventromedial hypothalamus.
D)obesity is to starvation.

Accepted Answer

Anorexigenic refers to appetite-suppressing signals or hormones, while orexigenic refers to appetite-stimulating signals or hormones. Satiety, which is the feeling of fullness after eating, is the opposite of hunger and is controlled by anorexigenic signals, whereas hunger is controlled by orexigenic signals. The other choices do not have opposite meanings to each other.

Question 19

Ellen has trouble controlling her impulses to eat,especially at night.Once she starts,she cannot stop.Often,she will eat an entire pizza or gallon of ice cream before bed.She does not try to compensate for this excess caloric consumption;as such,she is gaining weight.Ellen probably suffers from:
A)binge eating disorder.
B)impaired thyroid activity.
C)anorexia nervosa.
D)bulimia nervosa.

Accepted Answer

Ellen's behavior is consistent with binge eating disorder, characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating without subsequent compensatory behaviors. Impaired thyroid activity, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa are not supported by the information provided in the scenario.

Question 20

Which is a TRUE statement about the prevalence of obesity over the last few decades?
A)While obesity rates in the United States are increasing,rates in the rest of the world are decreasing.
B)The obesity rate among teenagers has tripled.
C)Egypt is one country that has managed to substantially lower its obesity rate.
D)Rates of obesity have increased for females but not males.

Accepted Answer

According to CDC, the obesity rate among teenagers has tripled over the last four decades. A, C, and D are all incorrect statements.

Quiz 8: Emotion and Motivation-Part A

Which statement about leptin is TRUE?

Jean frequently eats unusually large amounts of snack foods and then makes herself vomit.It is likely that Jean is suffering from:

When the lateral hypothalamus is destroyed,rats will:

A person injected with ghrelin might be expected to:

After binging and consuming an entire pizza,Kristin takes a number of laxatives so that she purges the calories the next morning.Kristin routinely does this and probably suffers from:

The lateral hypothalamus in Jacob's brain just received an orexigenic signal.Jacob probably:

Gisela is anorexic.It is NOT likely that she can be described as:

Who is MOST at risk for anorexia?

After Randy followed a hearty dinner with two pieces of lemon meringue pie,it's likely that his body sent a(n) _ signal to his _ hypothalamus.

The ventromedial hypothalamus in Mia's brain just received an anorexigenic signal.Mia probably:

Bulimia and anorexia affect about _____% of the population.

Erin is severely dieting,despite the fact that she appears emaciated.Erin believes she can stand to lose several more pounds and thus maintains an extremely restricted caloric intake.Erin MOST likely suffers from:

Holly is a severely underweight seventh-grader who nonetheless believes she is fat.It is likely that Holly is suffering from:

Which statement about leptin is TRUE?

America's most damaging and common eating-related problem is:

Following a major cerebral vascular accident,Sean became very obese.In investigating the cause of the obesity,the physician may determine that the _____ was damaged in the accident.

A person whose body mass index is over _____ would be defined as obese.

Anorexigenic is to orexigenic as:

Ellen has trouble controlling her impulses to eat,especially at night.Once she starts,she cannot stop.Often,she will eat an entire pizza or gallon of ice cream before bed.She does not try to compensate for this excess caloric consumption;as such,she is gaining weight.Ellen probably suffers from:

Which is a TRUE statement about the prevalence of obesity over the last few decades?

Quiz 8: Emotion and Motivation-Part A

Which statement about leptin is TRUE?

Jean frequently eats unusually large amounts of snack foods and then makes herself vomit.It is likely that Jean is suffering from:

When the lateral hypothalamus is destroyed,rats will:

A person injected with ghrelin might be expected to:

After binging and consuming an entire pizza,Kristin takes a number of laxatives so that she purges the calories the next morning.Kristin routinely does this and probably suffers from:

The lateral hypothalamus in Jacob's brain just received an orexigenic signal.Jacob probably:

Gisela is anorexic.It is NOT likely that she can be described as:

Who is MOST at risk for anorexia?

After Randy followed a hearty dinner with two pieces of lemon meringue pie,it's likely that his body sent a(n) _____ signal to his _____ hypothalamus.

The ventromedial hypothalamus in Mia's brain just received an anorexigenic signal.Mia probably:

Bulimia and anorexia affect about _____% of the population.

Erin is severely dieting,despite the fact that she appears emaciated.Erin believes she can stand to lose several more pounds and thus maintains an extremely restricted caloric intake.Erin MOST likely suffers from:

Holly is a severely underweight seventh-grader who nonetheless believes she is fat.It is likely that Holly is suffering from:

Which statement about leptin is TRUE?

America's most damaging and common eating-related problem is:

Following a major cerebral vascular accident,Sean became very obese.In investigating the cause of the obesity,the physician may determine that the _____ was damaged in the accident.

A person whose body mass index is over _____ would be defined as obese.

Anorexigenic is to orexigenic as:

Ellen has trouble controlling her impulses to eat,especially at night.Once she starts,she cannot stop.Often,she will eat an entire pizza or gallon of ice cream before bed.She does not try to compensate for this excess caloric consumption;as such,she is gaining weight.Ellen probably suffers from:

Which is a TRUE statement about the prevalence of obesity over the last few decades?

After Randy followed a hearty dinner with two pieces of lemon meringue pie,it's likely that his body sent a(n) _ signal to his _ hypothalamus.