Question 1

An intersex condition is a condition that involves an unusual development of one's
A) sexual orientation.
B) gender identity.
C) sexual anatomy.
D) gender schemas.

Accepted Answer

An intersex condition involves an unusual development of one's sexual anatomy, resulting in characteristics that do not fit typical male or female categories. This can include ambiguous genitalia, chromosomal abnormalities, or variations in the development of internal reproductive organs. It is important to note that intersex is not the same as gender identity or sexual orientation, as those involve one's personal sense of self and attraction, respectively.

Question 2

A boy who consistently exhibits traditionally masculine interests and behavior patterns demonstrates
A) androgyny.
B) collectivism.
C) secondary sex characteristics.
D) gender typing.

Accepted Answer

Gender typing refers to the process of socializing children into traditional gender roles based on their sex. When a boy exhibits traditionally masculine interests and behavior patterns, he is conforming to the gender role that society expects of him based on his male sex.

Question 3

Girls who have experienced stress related to father absence,sexual abuse,or insecure feelings of attachment to their parents or caregivers experience ________ a few months earlier than average.
A) gender identity
B) androgyny
C) gender typing
D) menarche

Accepted Answer

Girls who have experienced stress related to father absence, sexual abuse, or insecure feelings of attachment to their parents or caregivers experience menarche a few months earlier than average.

Question 4

At the beginning of the twentieth century,only one country in the world granted women the right to vote.Effective 2015,all countries granted that right.This best illustrates a dramatic shift in
A) gender roles.
B) sexual orientation.
C) gender identity.
D) secondary sex characteristics.

Accepted Answer

The fact that all countries of the world now grant women the right to vote illustrates a dramatic shift in gender roles, as women were previously excluded from political participation and decision-making processes solely based on their gender.

Question 5

Today's experts typically recommend that surgery for ________ newborns be postponed until their naturally developing physical appearance and gender identity become clear.
A) lesbian
B) intersex
C) gender-typed
D) androgynous

Accepted Answer

The term "intersex" refers to babies born with sex characteristics (such as genitals, chromosomes, or reproductive organs) that don't fit typical binary male/female categories. Surgery to alter or "normalize" these characteristics has traditionally been performed soon after birth, but modern experts recognize the potential harm in this approach and generally recommend waiting until the child develops and can provide informed consent. The other answer choices are not relevant to this context.

Question 6

The first ejaculation is to an adolescent boy as ________ is to an adolescent girl.
A) sexual intercourse
B) gender typing
C) menarche
D) androgyny

Accepted Answer

Menarche is the onset of a girl's first period and is a significant milestone in her physical development, similar to the first ejaculation in boys. Sexual intercourse (A) is not necessarily a milestone that all adolescents experience, whereas menarche (C) is a universal experience for most girls. Gender typing (B) and androgyny (D) are not directly related to physical development milestones.

Question 7

Social learning theory emphasizes that
A) observation and imitation play a crucial role in the development of gender identity.
B) children will exhibit only those gender-linked behaviors for which they themselves have been directly rewarded.
C) children will not develop a clear gender identity if the same-sex parent is absent from the home.
D) all of these statements are true.

Accepted Answer

Social learning theory emphasizes that observation and imitation play a crucial role in the development of gender identity. This theory suggests that children learn gender roles by observing and imitating the behavior of those around them, particularly their parents and peers. Therefore, statement A is the best choice as it accurately represents this theory. Statements B and C are not entirely accurate, as social learning theory does not suggest that children will only exhibit gender-linked behaviors for which they have been directly rewarded, nor does it suggest that the absence of a same-sex parent in the home will prevent the development of a clear gender identity.

Question 8

Gender typing refers to the acquisition of
A) an enduring sexual attraction.
B) a sense of being either male or female.
C) a traditional masculine or feminine role.
D) secondary sex characteristics.

Accepted Answer

Gender typing refers to the process by which individuals acquire a traditional masculine or feminine gender role, which includes certain behaviors, values, and attitudes that are considered appropriate for males or females. It is a socialization process that starts from a very young age and continues throughout one's lifetime, often influenced by social and cultural factors.

Question 9

The social roles assigned to women and men
A) are virtually the same in all cultures.
B) have been virtually the same in all historical periods.
C) shift over time and differ from one culture to another.
D) shift over time but differ little from one culture to another.

Accepted Answer

Social roles assigned to women and men vary widely from culture to culture and change over time. While there may be some similarities or overlaps, a binary and universal gender role assignment is not accurate.

Question 10

Those who prefer to express a blend of traditionally masculine and traditionally feminine psychological characteristics demonstrate
A) a sexual orientation.
B) a transgender identity.
C) a biopsychosocial approach.
D) androgyny.

Accepted Answer

Those who prefer to express a blend of traditionally masculine and feminine psychological characteristics are referred to as "androgynous." This term refers to a gender identity that is not exclusively masculine or feminine but instead combines both gender expressions. Unlike sexual orientation or transgender identity, androgyny refers to a set of personality traits rather than a stable aspect of an individual's identity.

Question 11

During prenatal development,a genetically female newborn was exposed to unusually high levels of testosterone.As a result,she developed male-appearing genitals.The newborn most clearly showed signs of
A) androgyny.
B) being transgender.
C) secondary sex characteristics.
D) an intersex condition.

Accepted Answer

The newborn's development of male-appearing genitals indicates that they have an intersex condition, in which they have both male and female physical characteristics. This is caused by hormonal imbalances during prenatal development. Androgyny refers to having a combination of masculine and feminine traits, while being transgender means identifying as the opposite gender from one's assigned sex at birth. Secondary sex characteristics refer to physical traits such as breast development in females and facial hair growth in males that develop during puberty.

Question 12

Diets laden with hormone-mimicking chemicals are suspected of contributing to girls' earlier development of
A) androgyny.
B) gender identity.
C) secondary sex characteristics.
D) gender schemas.

Accepted Answer

Diets containing hormone-mimicking chemicals, such as those found in certain meats and dairy products, have been linked to earlier onset of puberty and development of secondary sex characteristics in girls. This is because these chemicals can disrupt the natural hormones in the body, leading to earlier or abnormal development. Choices A, B, and D are not directly related to this topic.

Question 13

Migdalia insists on wearing very feminine-looking outfits because she wants to be treated like a woman.This best illustrates the impact of
A) individualism.
B) androgyny.
C) culture shock.
D) gender typing.

Accepted Answer

Migdalia's insistence on wearing feminine-looking outfits in order to be treated like a woman suggests that she has internalized societal beliefs and expectations about gender roles and therefore is demonstrating gender typing. This refers to the process by which individuals learn to conform to the gender roles associated with their biological sex.

Question 14

In agricultural societies,children typically socialize into more distinct gender roles than do children in nomadic societies.This best illustrates that gender-role differences between social groups result from
A) cultural influence.
B) a pruning process.
C) secondary sex characteristics.
D) individualism.

Accepted Answer

This is because cultural practices, beliefs, and expectations play a significant role in shaping gender roles and behavior within a society. Different societies have different cultural beliefs and practices that define gender roles and expectations, leading to variations in gender roles and behaviors across societies.

Question 15

Behaviors,attitudes,and traits expected of those who occupy a particular social position define a
A) norm.
B) role.
C) schema.
D) syndrome.

Accepted Answer

Behaviors, attitudes, and traits that are expected of individuals who occupy a particular social position are called roles. Norms refer to the rules and expectations that guide behavior in society, while schemas are mental frameworks that organize information about a particular topic. Syndrome is a collection of symptoms or characteristics that tend to occur together and are indicative of a particular condition or disease.

Question 16

A gender role refers to
A) one's biological sex.
B) a sense of being male or female.
C) a set of expected behaviors and traits for males or for females.
D) a sense of being homosexual or heterosexual.

Accepted Answer

A gender role refers to a set of expected behaviors and traits for males or for females. It is a societal construct that defines what traits and behaviors are considered appropriate for each gender.

Question 17

When teased by his older sister,9-year-old Waldo does not cry because he has learned that boys should never cry.Waldo's behavior best illustrates the importance of
A) individualism.
B) gender roles.
C) testosterone.
D) menarche.

Accepted Answer

Waldo's behavior reflects the societal expectations of gender roles, specifically the belief that boys should not show emotions or cry.

Question 18

Mr.Eskenazi frowns when his son cries but hugs his daughter when she cries.Mr.Eskenazi's contribution to the gender typing of his children would most likely be highlighted by
A) Freudian psychology.
B) social learning theory.
C) cultural neuroscience.
D) evolutionary psychology.

Accepted Answer

Social learning theory emphasizes the role of environmental influences, such as parental modeling, in shaping gender typing. In this case, Mr. Eskenazi's differential reactions to his children's crying may contribute to their gendered attitudes and behaviors.

Question 19

An infant boy was raised as a girl following a botched circumcision.During adolescence,"she" ________ boys and ________ the assigned female identity.
A) wanted to kiss;accepted
B) wanted to kiss;did not accept
C) wanted no part of kissing;accepted
D) wanted no part of kissing;did not accept

Accepted Answer

The case refers to David Reimer, who was raised as a girl named Brenda after a botched circumcision. Despite being socialized as a girl, he did not accept his female identity and was not interested in traditional female gender roles or behaviors, such as kissing boys. This case is often cited in discussions about gender identity and the nature versus nurture debate.

Question 20

Gender identity refers to
A) a person's biological sex.
B) the sense of being male or female.
C) the set of expected behaviors for males or for females.
D) how masculine a boy is or how feminine a girl is.

Accepted Answer

Gender identity refers to a person's subjective and internal sense of being male, female, or something else. It is not determined solely by a person's biological sex, expected behaviors, or level of masculinity/femininity.

Quiz 12: Introduction to Sensation and Perception

An intersex condition is a condition that involves an unusual development of one's

A boy who consistently exhibits traditionally masculine interests and behavior patterns demonstrates

Girls who have experienced stress related to father absence,sexual abuse,or insecure feelings of attachment to their parents or caregivers experience ________ a few months earlier than average.

At the beginning of the twentieth century,only one country in the world granted women the right to vote.Effective 2015,all countries granted that right.This best illustrates a dramatic shift in

Today's experts typically recommend that surgery for ________ newborns be postponed until their naturally developing physical appearance and gender identity become clear.

The first ejaculation is to an adolescent boy as ________ is to an adolescent girl.

Social learning theory emphasizes that

Gender typing refers to the acquisition of

The social roles assigned to women and men

Those who prefer to express a blend of traditionally masculine and traditionally feminine psychological characteristics demonstrate

During prenatal development,a genetically female newborn was exposed to unusually high levels of testosterone.As a result,she developed male-appearing genitals.The newborn most clearly showed signs of

Diets laden with hormone-mimicking chemicals are suspected of contributing to girls' earlier development of

Migdalia insists on wearing very feminine-looking outfits because she wants to be treated like a woman.This best illustrates the impact of

In agricultural societies,children typically socialize into more distinct gender roles than do children in nomadic societies.This best illustrates that gender-role differences between social groups result from

Behaviors,attitudes,and traits expected of those who occupy a particular social position define a

A gender role refers to

When teased by his older sister,9-year-old Waldo does not cry because he has learned that boys should never cry.Waldo's behavior best illustrates the importance of

Mr.Eskenazi frowns when his son cries but hugs his daughter when she cries.Mr.Eskenazi's contribution to the gender typing of his children would most likely be highlighted by

An infant boy was raised as a girl following a botched circumcision.During adolescence,"she" boys and the assigned female identity.

Gender identity refers to